Synthetic smoke with acrolein but not HCl produces pulmonary edema

Journal Article · Tue Mar 01 04:00:00 EST 1988 · J. Appl. Physiol.; (United States)

OSTI ID:7024726

Hales, C A; Barkin, P W; Jung, W; Trautman, E; Lamborghini, D; Herrig, N; Burke, J

The chemical toxins in smoke and not the heat are responsible for the pulmonary edema of smoke inhalation. We developed a synthetic smoke composed of carbon particles (mean diameter of 4.3 microns) to which toxins known to be in smoke, such as HCl or acrolein, could be added one at a time. We delivered synthetic smoke to dogs for 10 min and monitored extravascular lung water (EVLW) accumulation thereafter with a double-indicator thermodilution technique. Final EVLW correlated highly with gravimetric values (r = 0.93, P less than 0.01). HCl in concentrations of 0.1-6 N when added to heated carbon (120 degrees C) and cooled to 39 degrees C produced airway damage but no pulmonary edema. Acrolein, in contrast, produced airway damage but also pulmonary edema, whereas capillary wedge pressures remained stable. Low-dose acrolein smoke (less than 200 ppm) produced edema in two of five animals with a 2- to 4-h delay. Intermediate-dose acrolein smoke (200-300 ppm) always produced edema at an average of 147 +/- 57 min after smoke, whereas high-dose acrolein (greater than 300 ppm) produced edema at 65 +/- 16 min after smoke. Thus acrolein but not HCl, when presented as a synthetic smoke, produced a delayed-onset, noncardiogenic, and peribronchiolar edema in a roughly dose-dependent fashion.

• Research Organization: Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (USA)
• OSTI ID: 7024726
• Journal Information: J. Appl. Physiol.; (United States), Journal Name: J. Appl. Physiol.; (United States) Vol. 64:3; ISSN JAPYA
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

560300* -- Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
ACROLEIN
AEROSOLS
ALDEHYDES
ANIMALS
ANTIGENS
BLOOD PRESSURE
BODY
COLLOIDS
DISPERSIONS
DOGS
DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS
ENERGY
EXTRACELLULAR SPACE
HEAT
HYDROCHLORIC ACID
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
INORGANIC ACIDS
LUNGS
MAMMALS
MATERIALS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANS
PARTICLE SIZE
PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES
RESIDUES
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
SIZE
SMOKES
SOLS
SPACE
TOXIC MATERIALS
TOXICITY
TOXINS
VERTEBRATES