Health risk assessment of 1,1,1-trichloroethane (MC) in California drinking water. [1,1,1-trichloroethane]
This document presents an assessment of the potential health risks associated with exposure to 1,1,1-trichloroethane (methyl chloroform, or MC) dissolved in California drinking waters. This assessment is being provided to the California Department of Health Services (CDHS) for the development of drinking-water standards to manage the health risks of MC exposure. Other assessments required in the risk-management process include analyses of the technical and economic feasibilities of treating water supplies contaminated with MC. A primary goal of this health-risk assessment is to evaluate dose-response relationships for observed and potential toxic end points of MC in order to define dose rates that can be used to establish standards that will protect members of the general public from adverse health effects resulting solely from water-based exposures to MC. We also analyze the extent of human exposures attributable to MC-contaminated groundwater in California. The document consists of seven sections, plus supporting appendices. Our assessment begins in Section 2 with a review of the uses of MC, its environmental chemistry, and concentrations measured in different environmental media. The next section provides an overview of published studies on the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of MC. Also included in Section 3 is a review and analysis of physiologically based pharmacokinetic models for predicting MC metabolism in animals and humans. In Section 4, we review studies of the acute, subchronic, and chronic toxicity of MC to animals, including a summary of data from bioassays conducted to evaluate its potential carcinogenicity. We also provide an overview of MC's health effects in humans and examine human data on MC's toxic effects on specific organs and systems. 305 refs., 7 figs., 18 tabs.
- Research Organization:
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (USA)
- DOE Contract Number:
- W-7405-ENG-48
- OSTI ID:
- 6938944
- Report Number(s):
- UCRL-21054; ON: DE89003457
- Resource Relation:
- Other Information: Portions of this document are illegible in microfiche products
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS//MATHEMATICS, COMPUTING, AND INFORMATION SCIENCE
DRINKING WATER
CONTAMINATION
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
TOXICITY
HEALTH HAZARDS
RISK ASSESSMENT
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
BIOLOGICAL PATHWAYS
CARCINOGENESIS
CHLORINATED ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS
DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS
GENETIC EFFECTS
HISTORICAL ASPECTS
HUMAN POPULATIONS
INGESTION
INHALATION
SOLVENTS
WATER POLLUTION
HALOGENATED ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS
HAZARDS
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
INTAKE
MATERIALS
ORGANIC CHLORINE COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC HALOGEN COMPOUNDS
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PATHOGENESIS
POLLUTION
POPULATIONS
WATER
560300* - Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology
552000 - Public Health