Glutathione: an intracellular and extracellular protective agent in Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli
Levels of glutathione, were measured in several aerobically grown strains of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. External accumulation of GSH was inhibited by 30 mM NaN/sub 3/. Thus, GSH export may be energy dependent. Greater than 50% of the glutathione detected in the media was in the reduced form. Since the oxidized glutathione in the media could be accounted for by oxidation during aerobic incubation as well as in sample processing, the glutathione was predominantly exported in the reduced form. Extracellular glutathione was detected in log phase cultures of 2 out of 2 E. coli strains and 6 of 8 Salmonella strains tested. Two-dimensional paper chromatography of supernatants from cultures labelled with Na/sub 2//sup 35/SO/sub 4/ confirmed the presence of GSH and revealed five other sulfur-containing compounds in the media of Salmonella and E. coli cultures. Since media from cultures of an E. coli GSH/sup -/ strain contained compounds with identical R/sub f/'s, the five unidentified compounds were not derivatives of GSH. The addition of 26 ..mu..M GSH to cultures of TA1534 partially protected the bacteria from the toxic effects of 54 ..mu..M N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). When MNNG was preincubated with equimolar GSH, the mutagenicity of the MNNG was neutralized. The addition of micromolar GSH to cultures and E. coli GSH/sup -/ strain protected the cells from growth inhibition by micromolar concentrations of mercuric chloride, silver nitrate, cisplatin, cadmium chloride, and iodoacetamide. The data presented demonstrate that micromolar concentrations of external GSH can significantly shorten the recovery time of cells after exposure to toxic agents in the environment.
- Research Organization:
- Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD (USA)
- OSTI ID:
- 6937802
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
ACETAMIDE
AMIDES
BACTERIA
BETA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES
BETA-MINUS DECAY RADIOISOTOPES
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
CADMIUM CHLORIDES
CADMIUM COMPOUNDS
CADMIUM HALIDES
CHLORIDES
CHLORINE COMPOUNDS
CHROMATOGRAPHY
DAYS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES
DRUGS
ELEMENTS
ESCHERICHIA COLI
EVEN-ODD NUCLEI
GLUTATHIONE
HALIDES
HALOGEN COMPOUNDS
ISOTOPE APPLICATIONS
ISOTOPES
LABELLED COMPOUNDS
LIGHT NUCLEI
MERCURY CHLORIDES
MERCURY COMPOUNDS
MERCURY HALIDES
METALS
METHYLMERCURY
MICROORGANISMS
NITRATES
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
NITROSO COMPOUNDS
NUCLEI
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC MERCURY COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PEPTIDES
PLATINUM
PLATINUM METALS
POLYPEPTIDES
PROTEINS
RADIOISOTOPES
RADIOPROTECTIVE SUBSTANCES
SALMONELLA
SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM
SEPARATION PROCESSES
SILVER COMPOUNDS
SILVER NITRATES
SULFUR 35
SULFUR COMPOUNDS
SULFUR ISOTOPES
TOXICITY
TRACER TECHNIQUES
TRANSITION ELEMENT COMPOUNDS
TRANSITION ELEMENTS