A review of the health effects of cadmium
Journal Article
·
· Am. J. Ind. Med.; (United States)
A review of the health effects of cadmium is presented. Overexposure to cadmium produces numerous acute and chronic effects. Cases of acute poisoning resemble metal-fume poisoning. The first and most distinctive indication of chronic effects is renal tubular dysfunction characterized by proteinuria. Other chronic effects include liver damage, emphysema, osteomalacia, neurological impairment, testicular, pancreatic, and adrenal damage, and anemia. Tumorigenic effects have been observed in animals, and excessive prostatic and lung cancer has been observed in worker studies. In vitro and in vivo mutagenic effects have been noted. Cadmium has been shown to cause hypertension in animals; however, it is unclear whether it is capable of causing similar effects in exposed human populations. Normal urinary excretion is less than 2 micrograms/day and correlates with exposure. Normal blood concentration is below 10 ng/gm of whole blood, and although levels are elevated in exposed groups, there is no apparent direct correlation. Hair values correlate well with exposure. Occupational and environmental standards are discussed.
- Research Organization:
- Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
- OSTI ID:
- 6781891
- Journal Information:
- Am. J. Ind. Med.; (United States), Journal Name: Am. J. Ind. Med.; (United States) Vol. 1:3-4; ISSN AJIMD
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
560306* -- Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology-- Man-- (-1987)
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
ADRENAL GLANDS
ANEMIAS
BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS
BIOLOGICAL WASTES
BODY
BODY FLUIDS
CADMIUM
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
DISEASES
ELEMENTS
EMPHYSEMA
ENDOCRINE GLANDS
GLANDS
GONADS
HEMIC DISEASES
HUMAN POPULATIONS
KIDNEYS
LABORATORY ANIMALS
LIVER
MALE GENITALS
MATERIALS
METABOLISM
METALS
MUTAGENESIS
NERVOUS SYSTEM
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY
ORGANS
PANCREAS
PERSONNEL
POPULATIONS
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM DISEASES
SAFETY
SENSITIVITY
SKELETAL DISEASES
SYMPTOMS
TESTES
TOXICITY
URINE
WASTES
WORKING CONDITIONS
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
ADRENAL GLANDS
ANEMIAS
BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS
BIOLOGICAL WASTES
BODY
BODY FLUIDS
CADMIUM
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
DISEASES
ELEMENTS
EMPHYSEMA
ENDOCRINE GLANDS
GLANDS
GONADS
HEMIC DISEASES
HUMAN POPULATIONS
KIDNEYS
LABORATORY ANIMALS
LIVER
MALE GENITALS
MATERIALS
METABOLISM
METALS
MUTAGENESIS
NERVOUS SYSTEM
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY
ORGANS
PANCREAS
PERSONNEL
POPULATIONS
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM DISEASES
SAFETY
SENSITIVITY
SKELETAL DISEASES
SYMPTOMS
TESTES
TOXICITY
URINE
WASTES
WORKING CONDITIONS