Fighting sea pollution by hydrocarbons. Legal aspects: indemnification for damage/Navigation accidents: TOVALOP and CRISTAL (in French)
Journal Article
·
· Pet. Technol.; (United States)
OSTI ID:6766649
A discussion covers the history of two voluntary international institutions for the insurance against oil pollution caused by navigation accidents, i.e., the TOVALOP (Tanker Owners Voluntary Agreement Concerning Liability for Oil Pollution), a contract between shipowners or charterers, signed on 1/7/69, which specifies measures to be taken to prevent or limit sea and shore pollution and compensate the littoral countries for the cost of cleaning operations, and the CRISTAL (Contract Regarding an Interim Supplement to Tanker Liability for Oil Pollution) Plan, signed on 1/4/71, which created a mutual insurance fund of tanker load owners, mainly refining companies, for compensation of the victims of sea pollution accidents; and the conditions and levels of financial compensation provided by these contracts.
- Research Organization:
- Total-Cie. Fr. Pet.
- OSTI ID:
- 6766649
- Journal Information:
- Pet. Technol.; (United States), Journal Name: Pet. Technol.; (United States) Vol. 262; ISSN PETEA
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- French
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Fighting sea pollution by hydrocarbons. Legal aspects: indemnification for the damage/International conventions and distribution of damages from hydrocarbons of sea accident origin
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Related Subjects
02 PETROLEUM
020700 -- Petroleum-- Economics
Industrial
& Business Aspects
021000* -- Petroleum-- Legislation & Regulations
520600 -- Environment
Aquatic-- Regulations -- (-1989)
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
ACCIDENTS
CONTAINMENT
INDUSTRY
INSURANCE
INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS
LEGAL ASPECTS
LIABILITIES
NAVIGATION
OIL POLLUTION CONTAINMENT
OIL SPILLS
PETROLEUM INDUSTRY
REGULATIONS
VICTIMS COMPENSATION
020700 -- Petroleum-- Economics
Industrial
& Business Aspects
021000* -- Petroleum-- Legislation & Regulations
520600 -- Environment
Aquatic-- Regulations -- (-1989)
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
ACCIDENTS
CONTAINMENT
INDUSTRY
INSURANCE
INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS
LEGAL ASPECTS
LIABILITIES
NAVIGATION
OIL POLLUTION CONTAINMENT
OIL SPILLS
PETROLEUM INDUSTRY
REGULATIONS
VICTIMS COMPENSATION