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Fighting sea pollution by hydrocarbons. Legal aspects: indemnification for damage/Navigation accidents: TOVALOP and CRISTAL (in French)

Journal Article · · Pet. Technol.; (United States)
OSTI ID:6766649
A discussion covers the history of two voluntary international institutions for the insurance against oil pollution caused by navigation accidents, i.e., the TOVALOP (Tanker Owners Voluntary Agreement Concerning Liability for Oil Pollution), a contract between shipowners or charterers, signed on 1/7/69, which specifies measures to be taken to prevent or limit sea and shore pollution and compensate the littoral countries for the cost of cleaning operations, and the CRISTAL (Contract Regarding an Interim Supplement to Tanker Liability for Oil Pollution) Plan, signed on 1/4/71, which created a mutual insurance fund of tanker load owners, mainly refining companies, for compensation of the victims of sea pollution accidents; and the conditions and levels of financial compensation provided by these contracts.
Research Organization:
Total-Cie. Fr. Pet.
OSTI ID:
6766649
Journal Information:
Pet. Technol.; (United States), Journal Name: Pet. Technol.; (United States) Vol. 262; ISSN PETEA
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
French