Surface structure and mechanisms of gasification catalyst deactivation. Annual report, February 1977--January 1978

Technical Report · Sat Apr 01 04:00:00 EST 1978

DOI:https://doi.org/10.2172/6708418· OSTI ID:6708418

Reucroft, P. J.; Bradley, E. B.; De Angelis, R. J.; Sargent, G. A.

A series of standard samples (Ni(Oh)/sub 2/, NiS, NiSO/sub 4/, nickel silicate and nickel aluminate) have been studied by ESCA. NiS and NiSO/sub 4/, which may be present in sulfided catalysts, are easily recognized. A series of alumina supported nickel catalysts with metal loading ranging from 10 to 40% by weight were characterized as having the nickel present in the form of an aluminate. Etching studies of the C150 series of catalysts reveals that it is possible under certain conditions to reduce nickel on a silica support, but that it is rarely possible to get more than 10% reduction for nickel on an alumina support. C150 catalysts, which had been treated with synthesis gas and with a sulfiding gas mixture, were examined by ESCA. A series of MgSiO/sub 3/ supported catalysts were studied by ESCA. MgSiO/sub 3/ appears to be a more inert support material. Sulfiding a Ni/MgSiO/sub 3/ sample again led primarily to the formation of NiS. X-ray diffraction studies to determine the particle size distribution in reduced and passivated catalysts have been continued. The results obtained on reduced and sintered catalyst C150-1-01 are summarized. Auger electron spectroscopy has been employed to investigate atom distributions in both fresh and used catalyst pellets. The results suggest that a contaminated layer of about 400A depth was present on the surface. The NiO particles were more susceptible to the contamination than the Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ particles. Auger electron spectroscopy has also been employed in an investigation of the interaction of CO with the co-precipitated catalysts. The presence of S on the surface of the catalyst was found to considerably reduce the adsorption of CO. The adsorption chamber used during Raman spectral acquisition of adsorbed gases on Ni surfaces is described. Experimental procedure for the gas adsorption onto Ni(111) is presented and the resulting Raman spectra interpreted.

• Research Organization: Kentucky Univ., Lexington (USA)
• OSTI ID: 6708418
• Report Number(s): FE-2229-8
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT
010404* -- Coal
Lignite
& Peat-- Gasification
ALKALINE EARTH METAL COMPOUNDS
AUGER ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY
BINDING ENERGY
CARBON COMPOUNDS
CARBON MONOXIDE
CARBON OXIDES
CATALYST SUPPORTS
CATALYSTS
CHALCOGENIDES
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
COAL GASIFICATION
COHERENT SCATTERING
DEACTIVATION
DIFFRACTION
ELECTRON DIFFRACTION
ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY
ELEMENTS
ENERGY
GASIFICATION
INFRARED SPECTRA
LASERS
MAGNESIUM COMPOUNDS
MAGNESIUM SILICATES
MECHANICAL STRUCTURES
METALS
NICKEL
NICKEL COMPOUNDS
NICKEL OXIDES
NICKEL SULFATES
NICKEL SULFIDES
OXIDES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PARTICLE SIZE
PASSIVATION
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
RAMAN SPECTRA
REDUCTION
SAMPLE PREPARATION
SCATTERING
SILICATES
SILICON COMPOUNDS
SIZE
SPECTRA
SPECTROSCOPY
SULFATES
SULFIDES
SULFUR COMPOUNDS
SUPPORTS
THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
TRANSITION ELEMENT COMPOUNDS
TRANSITION ELEMENTS
X-RAY DIFFRACTION