Utilization of the rabbit alveolar macrophage and Chinese hamster ovary cell for evaluation of the toxicity of particulate materials. I. Model compounds and metal-coated fly ash

Journal Article · Tue Mar 31 23:00:00 EST 1981 · Environ. Res.; (United States)

OSTI ID:6459667

Garrett, N E ^[1]; Campbell, J A; Stack, H F; Waters, M D; Lewtas, J

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1. Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC

Data are presented which detail the effects of model particulate compounds and fly ash particles on rabbit alveolar macrophage (RAM) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Silica, silicic acid, titanium dioxide, and size-fractionated (0 to 2, 2 to 5, and 5 to 8 ..mu..m) fly ash particles with and without coatings of nickel, lead, or cadmium oxides were the experimental particles. Silica was the most toxic particle studied. Cell viability and ATP in the RAM assay and colony survival in the CHO assay showed an almost identical response to silica and silicic acid. Titanium dioxide particles were relatively inert in the RAM and CHO systems, although a pronounced loss of ATP was observed in cells exposed in serum-free medium. Uncoated fly ash was relatively nontoxic in the RAM system when assayed by measurement of cell number and viability, ATP, and total protein. Nickel oxide-coated fly ash was more cytotoxic than the uncoated particles in both the RAM and CHO cell systems. Toxicity of NiO was similar to that obtained for the NiO-coated fly ash although the weight percentage of NiO in the ash was only 3%. Cellular ATP was strongly affected in macrophages exposed in serum-free media and treated with PbO-coated fly ash; ATP ranged from 20 to 200 times less than that for the corresponding uncoated fly ash or untreated control. Nickel and lead did not dissociate from the fly ashes into the biological media. However, cadmium was rapidly released from the cadmium oxide-coated fly ash and provided an excellent model for study of the dissociation of toxic compounds from particle surfaces. The rate of dissociation of the metal was correlated with loss of ATP in RAM cultures.

• OSTI ID: 6459667
• Journal Information: Environ. Res.; (United States), Journal Name: Environ. Res.; (United States) Vol. 24:2; ISSN ENVRA
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

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Atmospheric-- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport-- (-1989)
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
550200 -- Biochemistry
550300 -- Cytology
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59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
AEROSOL WASTES
ANIMAL CELLS
ANIMALS
ASHES
ATP
BIOASSAY
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
BIOLOGICAL MODELS
BODY
CADMIUM COMPOUNDS
CADMIUM OXIDES
CHALCOGENIDES
COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONS
CONNECTIVE TISSUE CELLS
FEMALE GENITALS
FLY ASH
GONADS
LEAD COMPOUNDS
LEAD OXIDES
MACROPHAGES
MAMMALS
MINERALS
NICKEL COMPOUNDS
NICKEL OXIDES
NUCLEOTIDES
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANS
OVARIES
OXIDES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PARTICLE SIZE
PARTICLES
PHAGOCYTES
PROTEINS
QUANTITY RATIO
RABBITS
RESIDUES
SENSITIVITY
SILICA
SILICON COMPOUNDS
SILICON OXIDES
SIZE
SOMATIC CELLS
TITANIUM COMPOUNDS
TITANIUM OXIDES
TOXICITY
TRANSITION ELEMENT COMPOUNDS
VERTEBRATES
WASTES