Bioavailability of 1-nitropyrene from model coal fly ash and its uptake by alveolar macrophages

Journal Article · Fri Aug 01 04:00:00 EDT 1986 · Environ. Res.; (United States)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-9351(86)80118-9· OSTI ID:5002787

Mumford, J L; Tedjad, S B; Jackson, M; Lewtas, J

Alveolar macrophage cultures exposed to coal fly ash vapor-coated with 1-nitropyrene were used as a model system to study the bioavailability and the uptake of a nitroaromatic hydrocarbon from coal combustion emissions. Initially, 1-nitropyrene-coated fly ash and uncoated fly ash were examined for cytotoxicity using rabbit alveolar macrophages and for mutagenicity in the Salmonella typhimurium plate incorporation assay. The distribution and recovery of 1-nitropyrene from macrophage cultures treated with coated fly ash were determined by using a reverse-hase high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence method. 1-Nitropyrene alone was not very toxic, nor did vapor deposition of 1-nitropyrene onto coal fly ash significantly affect the toxicity of the fly ash. Most toxicity resulted from the original, uncoated fly ash particles. 1-Nitropyren after being coated onto the particles was bioavailable in agar and aqueous culture medium. The coated fly ash showed mutagenic activity when the particles were tested directly; the uncoated fly ash did not show mutagenic activity. 1-Nitropyrene recovery from alveolar macrophage cultures exposed to the coated fly ash diminished as cell number increased. The rate of 1-nitropyrene loss was 2.7 ng/10/sup 6/ macrophages for medium and 4.1 ng/10/sup 6/ macrophages for the whole culture. The mutagenic activity recovered from these macrophage cultures also decreased with increasing cell number.

• Research Organization: Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC
• OSTI ID: 5002787
• Journal Information: Environ. Res.; (United States), Journal Name: Environ. Res.; (United States) Vol. 40:2; ISSN ENVRA
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

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01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT
016000 -- Coal
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63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
AEROSOL WASTES
ANIMAL CELLS
AROMATICS
ASHES
BACTERIA
BIOLOGICAL AVAILABILITY
BIOLOGICAL MODELS
BODY
CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS
CELL CULTURES
COAL
CONDENSED AROMATICS
CONNECTIVE TISSUE CELLS
DATA
ENERGY SOURCES
EXPERIMENTAL DATA
FLY ASH
FOSSIL FUELS
FUELS
HYDROCARBONS
INFORMATION
INJURIES
LUNGS
MACROPHAGES
MATERIALS
MICROORGANISMS
MUTAGEN SCREENING
MUTAGENESIS
NITRO COMPOUNDS
NUMERICAL DATA
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
ORGANS
PHAGOCYTES
PYRENE
RESIDUES
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
SALMONELLA
SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM
SCREENING
SOMATIC CELLS
TOXICITY
UPTAKE
WASTES