Cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of vapor-phase pollutants in rat lung epithelial cells and Chinese hamster ovary cells grown on collagen gels
Lung epithelial cell (cell line designated LEC) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were grown on hydrated collagen gels and exposed directly to toxic vapor-phase pollutants. The cells were exposed to graded concentrations of phenol, formaldehyde, a volatile fraction of process stream material from an experimental coal gasifier, and the nonparticulate, vapor phase of diesel engine exhaust. During exposures, the cells were maintained at an air/collagen interface by removing the medium overlying the hydrated collagen gel. Morphological changes indicative of cell retraction were found in LEC cell cultures exposed to phenol, formaldehyde, or diesel exhaust. Damage following exposure to the toxicants was quantitated in LEC and CHO cells by Trypan blue dye exclusion, a measure of plasma membrane integrity. Clone-forming ability was also used to measure cell survival in CHO cells. When measured by Trypan blue dye exclusion, phenol (EC50 = 2.1 mg/l) caused membrane damage to LEC cells but not CHO cells, while formaldehyde (EC50 = 31 and 42 ..mu..g/l for LEC and CHO, respectively) and diesel exhaust (EC50 = 11 and 29% of tailpipe exhaust in LEC and CHO cells, respectively) caused damage to both cell types. No cytotoxicity was observed in LEC or CHO cells exposed to the fraction from the coal gasifier. Essentially no mutagenic activity was associated with the exposure of CHO cells to formaldehyde or the vapor phase of diesel exhaust. Mutagenic activity was found in CHO cells exposed to ethylene oxide, the positive control.
- Research Organization:
- Lovelace Biomedial and Environmental Research Inst., Albuquerque, NM
- DOE Contract Number:
- AC04-76EV01013
- OSTI ID:
- 6238304
- Journal Information:
- J. Toxicol. Environ. Health; (United States), Vol. 12
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
COAL GAS
MUTAGENESIS
TOXICITY
EXHAUST GASES
FORMALDEHYDE
PHENOL
AIR POLLUTION
ANIMAL CELLS
CHO CELLS
COAL GASIFICATION
DIESEL ENGINES
EPITHELIUM
LUNGS
MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES
RATS
SENSITIVITY
ALDEHYDES
ANIMAL TISSUES
ANIMALS
AROMATICS
BODY
ENGINES
FLUIDS
GASEOUS WASTES
GASES
GASIFICATION
HEAT ENGINES
HYDROXY COMPOUNDS
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
MAMMALS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANS
PHENOLS
POLLUTION
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
RODENTS
THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
TISSUES
VERTEBRATES
WASTES
560301* - Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology- Cells- (-1987)