Coal Waste Artificial Reef Program, Phase 3. Volume 1. Summary report

Technical Report · Thu Oct 01 04:00:00 EDT 1981

OSTI ID:6107867

Parker, J H; Woodhead, P M.J.; Duedall, I W; Carleton, H R

The objective of the Coal Waste Artificial Reef Program (C-WARP) is to explore the technical feasibility and the environmental effects of a method for ocean disposal of fly ash and scrubber sludge, combustion wastes from power plants. The program has constructed a demonstration artificial reef in the Atlantic Ocean off Long Island from about 15,000 stabilized blocks of these coal waste materials. Techniques were developed for coal waste block fabrication utilizing machines and equipment from the concrete block industry. Accelerated steam curing procedures developed block strengths adequate for industrial handling and stacking. The new fabrication techniques were successfully established at commercial block factories and 450 metric tons (500 short tons) of stabilized wastes were processed into about 15,000 reef-blocks. Two waste materials were used with fly ash to sludge ratios of 4:1 and 1.5:1 respectively. Small numbers of blocks were made separately from fluidized bed combustion residues. Concurrently, a series of laboratory studies determined the physical and chemical properties and leachate characteristics of a variety of coal waste blocks and their interactions in seawater systems. In laboratory bioassays and in field tests, the material did not appear to be toxic in the sea. These results all suggested that the blocks are compatible with the marine environment. The reef is surveyed periodically to measure biological colonization and blocks are collected for physical, chemical and biological analysis to assess environmental impacts.

• Research Organization: New York State Energy Research and Development Authority, Albany (USA); State Univ. of New York, Stony Brook (USA). Marine Sciences Research Center
• OSTI ID: 6107867
• Report Number(s): EPRI-CS-2009-Vol.1; ON: DE82900854
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT
010800* -- Coal
Lignite
& Peat-- Waste Management
010900 -- Coal
Lignite
& Peat-- Environmental Aspects
520200 -- Environment
Aquatic-- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport-- (-1989)
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
AEROSOL WASTES
ASHES
ATLANTIC OCEAN
BIOASSAY
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
BUILDING MATERIALS
COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
COMPRESSION STRENGTH
CONCRETES
DATA
DENSITY
DISSOLUTION
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
EXPERIMENTAL DATA
FEASIBILITY STUDIES
FLY ASH
FOSSIL-FUEL POWER PLANTS
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
INFORMATION
LEACHING
MANAGEMENT
MARINE DISPOSAL
MATERIALS
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
NUMERICAL DATA
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
POWER PLANTS
PROCESSING
RESIDUES
SEAS
SEAWATER
SEPARATION PROCESSES
SLUDGES
SOLIDIFICATION
SURFACE WATERS
THERMAL POWER PLANTS
WASTE DISPOSAL
WASTE MANAGEMENT
WASTE PROCESSING
WASTES
WATER