Coal-waste artificial-reef program, phase 3. Volume 2. Comprehensive report

Technical Report · Sun Nov 01 04:00:00 EST 1981

OSTI ID:5905609

Parker, J H; Woodhead, P M.J.; Duedall, I W

The objective of the C-WARP is to explore the technical feasibility and the environmental effects of a method for ocean disposal of fly ash and scrubber sludge, combustion wastes from power plants. The program has constructed a demonstration artificial reef in the Atlantic Ocean off Long Island from about 15,000 stabilized blocks of these coal waste materials. Techniques were developed for coal waste block fabrication utilizing machines and equipment from the concrete block industry. Accelerated steam curing procedures developed block strengths adequate for industrial handling and stacking. The new fabrication techniques were successfully established at commercial block factories and 450 metric tons (500 short tons) of stabilized wastes were processed into about 15,000 reef-blocks. Two waste materials were used with fly ash to sludge ratios of 4:1 and 1.5:1 respectively. Small numbers of blocks were made separately from fluidized bed combustion residues. Concurrently, a series of laboratory studies determined the physical and chemical properties and leachate characteristics of a variety of coal waste blocks and their interactions in seawater systems. In laboratory bioassays and in field tests, the material did not appear to be toxic in the sea. These results all suggested that the blocks are compatible with the marine environment. The reef is surveyed periodically to measure biological colonization and blocks are collected for physical, chemical and biological analysis to assess environmental impacts.

• Research Organization: New York State Energy Research and Development Authority, Albany (USA); State Univ. of New York, Stony Brook (USA). Marine Sciences Research Center
• DOE Contract Number: AS02-78EV10129
• OSTI ID: 5905609
• Report Number(s): EPRI-CS-2009-Vol.2; ON: DE82005591
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT
010800* -- Coal
Lignite
& Peat-- Waste Management
20 FOSSIL-FUELED POWER PLANTS
200200 -- Fossil-Fueled Power Plants-- Waste Management
32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATION
320305 -- Energy Conservation
Consumption
& Utilization-- Industrial & Agricultural Processes-- Industrial Waste Management
AEROSOL WASTES
ASHES
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
BUILDING MATERIALS
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
COMBUSTION
CONCRETES
CURING
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
FABRICATION
FEASIBILITY STUDIES
FLUIDIZED-BED COMBUSTION
FLY ASH
FOSSIL-FUEL POWER PLANTS
GEOLOGIC STRUCTURES
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
MATERIALS
OXIDATION
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
POWER PLANTS
REEFS
RESIDUES
SEAWATER
SLUDGES
THERMAL POWER PLANTS
THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
WASTE PRODUCT UTILIZATION
WASTES
WATER