Comparative toxicology of laboratory organisms for assessing hazardous waste sites

Journal Article · Tue Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 1985 · J. Environ. Qual.; (United States)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1985.00472425001400040019x· OSTI ID:6033373

Miller, W E; Peterson, S A; Greene, J C; Callahan, C A

Multi-media/multi-trophic level bioassays have been proposed to determine the extent and severity of environmental contamination at hazardous waste sites. Comparative toxicological profiles for algae (Selenastrum capricornutum), daphnia (Daphnia magna), earthworms (Eisenia foetida), microbes (Photobacterium fisherii, mixed sewage microorganisms) and plants; wheat Stephens, (Triticum aestivum), lettuce, butter crunch, (Lactuca sativa L.) radish, Cherry Belle, (Raphanus sativa L.), red clover, Kenland, (Trifolium pratense L.) and cucumber, Spartan Valor, (Cucumis sativa L.) are presented for selected heavy metals, herbicides and insecticides. Specific chemical EC/sub 50/ values are presented for each test organism. Differences in standard deviations were compared between each individual test organism, as well as for the chemical subgroup assayed. Algae and daphnia are the most sensitive test organisms to heavy metals and insecticides followed in order of decreasing sensitivity by Microtox (Photobacterium fisherii), DO depletion rate, seed germination and earthworms. Higher plants were most sensitive to 2,4-D, (2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid) followed by algae, Microtox, daphnia and earthworms. Differences in toxicity of 2,4-D chemical formulations and commercial sources of insecticides were observed with algae and daphia tests.

• Research Organization: Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR
• OSTI ID: 6033373
• Journal Information: J. Environ. Qual.; (United States), Vol. 14:4
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
ALGAE
INJURIES
ANNELIDS
BACTERIA
CLOVER
CUCUMBERS
HERBICIDES
TOXICITY
INSECTICIDES
LETTUCE
METALS
COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONS
RADISHES
WHEAT
TOXIC MATERIALS
WASTE DISPOSAL
ANIMALS
CEREALS
ELEMENTS
FOOD
GRASS
INVERTEBRATES
LEGUMINOSAE
MANAGEMENT
MATERIALS
MICROORGANISMS
PESTICIDES
PLANTS
RHIZOBIUM
VEGETABLES
WASTE MANAGEMENT
560302* - Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology- Microorganisms- (-1987)
560303 - Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology- Plants- (-1987)
560304 - Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology- Invertebrates- (-1987)