Toxicity of petroleum crude oils and their effect on xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme activities in the chicken embryo in ovo
Microliter quantities of a Prudhoe Bay crude oil (PBCO) applied to the shell of fertile chick eggs during various stages of development induced cytochrome P-450 levels and mixed-function oxidase activities within the liver of the embryo. PBCO (5 ..mu..l) applied on Day 11 of incubation was found to maximally induce within 24 hr embryo hepatic cytochrome P-450 levels (fourfold), naphthalene hydroxylase (sixfold), benzo(a)pyrene 3-hyroxylase (14-fold), and 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (24-fold). Glutathione S-transferase was not induced. Crude oils are known to be highly toxic to avian embryos, especially during the early stages of development. The LD/sub 50/ of PBCO and Hibernia crude oil applied to the egg shell on Day 8 of incubation was found to be 1.3 and 2.2 ..mu..l, respectively. Mixed-function oxidase-dependent metabolism of crude oil components may be required for toxicity since administration of 20 ..mu..g of disulfiram in dioxane 1 hr prior to application of 1.3 ..mu..l of PBCO reduced embryo mortality from 60 to 20%.
- Research Organization:
- Memorial Univ. of Newfoundland, St. John's
- OSTI ID:
- 6023472
- Journal Information:
- Environ. Res.; (United States), Journal Name: Environ. Res.; (United States) Vol. 39:1; ISSN ENVRA
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
020900 -- Petroleum-- Environmental Aspects
560305* -- Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology-- Vertebrates-- (-1987)
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
ANIMALS
BIRDS
CHICKENS
CYTOCHROME OXIDASE
EMBRYOS
ENERGY SOURCES
ENZYME ACTIVITY
ENZYMES
FOSSIL FUELS
FOWL
FUELS
HAEM DEHYDROGENASES
HYDROXYLASES
METABOLISM
MIXED-FUNCTION OXIDASES
OXIDOREDUCTASES
OXYGENASES
PETROLEUM
SENSITIVITY
TOXICITY
VERTEBRATES
XENOBIOTICS