Predictive testing of environmental carcinogens
Thesis/Dissertation
·
OSTI ID:5928839
Two research approaches are presented which address different aspects of predictive testing for environmental carcinogens. In Part I, a well-known microbial assay is used to determine the presence of carcinogens in an environmental sample of suspected hazard. In Part II, a single chemical carcinogen is chosen to demonstrate the utility of three-phase microcosms for prediction of transport and transformations pathways in a reservoir ecosystem. The Ames/Salmonella mutagenicity assay was used to screen processed oil shale extracts for potentially carcinogenic chemicals. Positive mutagenic activity was detected in organic solvent extracts of all four spent shales tested. Problems which might limit application of the Ames assay were explored. The results of assays of one-to-one mixtures of two mutagens which exhibited different dose response curves when assayed separately indicated the response to the mixture was nonadditive. Furthermore, the response to the mixture was determined to be statistically indistinguishable (chi-square analysis) from the dose response curve of one of the mutagens in the majority of cases. This masking effect was found to persist for one strong mutagen (benzo(a)pyrene) even when it composed only 10% of the mixture. The effect of various non-toxic solvents on the mutagenic response of certain mutagens was also determined. Three-phase microcosms were used to study the aquatic fate and effect of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), benz(a)antracene.
- OSTI ID:
- 5928839
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
04 OIL SHALES AND TAR SANDS
041000 -- Oil Shales & Tar Sands-- Environmental Aspects
560302* -- Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology-- Microorganisms-- (-1987)
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS
AROMATICS
BACTERIA
BENZANTHRACENE
BITUMINOUS MATERIALS
CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS
CARCINOGENS
CONDENSED AROMATICS
DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS
ECOSYSTEMS
ENERGY SOURCES
ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSPORT
FORECASTING
FOSSIL FUELS
FUELS
HYDROCARBONS
MASS TRANSFER
MATERIALS
MICROCOSMS
MICROORGANISMS
MUTAGEN SCREENING
OIL SHALES
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC SOLVENTS
SALMONELLA
SCREENING
SOLVENTS
SPENT SHALES
041000 -- Oil Shales & Tar Sands-- Environmental Aspects
560302* -- Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology-- Microorganisms-- (-1987)
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS
AROMATICS
BACTERIA
BENZANTHRACENE
BITUMINOUS MATERIALS
CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS
CARCINOGENS
CONDENSED AROMATICS
DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS
ECOSYSTEMS
ENERGY SOURCES
ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSPORT
FORECASTING
FOSSIL FUELS
FUELS
HYDROCARBONS
MASS TRANSFER
MATERIALS
MICROCOSMS
MICROORGANISMS
MUTAGEN SCREENING
OIL SHALES
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC SOLVENTS
SALMONELLA
SCREENING
SOLVENTS
SPENT SHALES