Aluminum ions induce oat protoplasts to produce an extracellular (1 yields 3). beta. -D-glucan

Journal Article · Sat Sep 01 04:00:00 EDT 1990 · Plant Physiology; (USA)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.94.1.13· OSTI ID:5922099

Schaeffer, H J; Walton, J D ^[1]

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1. Michigan State Univ., East Lansing (USA)

Aluminum chloride induced mesophyll protoplasts of oat (Avena sativa) to produce an extracellular polysaccharide (EPS). EPS induced by AlCl{sub 3} appeared identical to that produced in response to the phytotoxin victorin. Al ions at 1 millimolar were toxic to protoplasts, but maximum EPS production occurred at a sublethal concentration of 200 micromolar, assayed at pH 6.0. As measured by incorporation of ({sup 14}C)glucose, AlCl{sub 3} stimulated EPS production 10- to 15-fold. Pretreatment of protoplasts with cycloheximide prevented EPS production but not cell death in response to AlCl{sub 3}, indicating that protein synthesis was necessary for EPS production but not for the phytotoxicity of Al ions. The trivalent salts of Y, Yb, Gd, and In also induced EPS production but those of Sc, Fe, Ga, Cr, and La did not. Mesophyll protoplasts from an acid-soil tolerant oat cultivar produced less EPS in response to AlCl{sub 3} than the acid-soil sensitive cultivar Fla 501. EPS was also produced by wheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) protoplasts in response to AlCl{sub 3}. An Al-tolerant cultivar of wheat, Atlas, produced less EPS than an Al-sensitive cultivar, Scout, but an Al-tolerant cultivar of barley, Dayton, produced more than the Al-sensitive cultivar Kearney. Therefore, production of EPS by protoplasts in response to Al ions did not appear to be related to Al ion tolerance at the level of whole plants. EPS fluoresced in the presence of Calcofluor and Sirofluor and was degraded by purified laminarinase ((1{yields}3){beta}-D-glucanase) but did not pectinase (polygalacturonase). EPS was composed solely of glucose in 1{yields}3 linkages; hence it is a (1{yields}3){beta}-D-glucan (callose).

• OSTI ID: 5922099
• Journal Information: Plant Physiology; (USA), Journal Name: Plant Physiology; (USA) Vol. 94:1; ISSN PLPHA; ISSN 0032-0889
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

550201* -- Biochemistry-- Tracer Techniques
560300 -- Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology
59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
ALUMINIUM CHLORIDES
ALUMINIUM COMPOUNDS
BARLEY
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
BIOSYNTHESIS
CARBOHYDRATES
CARBON 14 COMPOUNDS
CEREALS
CHLORIDES
CHLORINE COMPOUNDS
EXTRACELLULAR SPACE
GRASS
HALIDES
HALOGEN COMPOUNDS
ISOTOPE APPLICATIONS
LABELLED COMPOUNDS
LILIOPSIDA
MAGNOLIOPHYTA
OATS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
PLANT CELLS
PLANTS
POLYSACCHARIDES
SACCHARIDES
SPACE
SYNTHESIS
TRACER TECHNIQUES
WHEAT