Comparison of in-vitro and in-vivo studies with coal liquids from the SRC-II process

Technical Report · Thu Sep 01 04:00:00 EDT 1983

DOI:https://doi.org/10.2172/5587594· OSTI ID:5587594

Mahlum, D D; Frazier, M E; Pelroy, R A; Renne, R A

Coal liquids obtained from the SRC-II process and fractions prepared from these liquids have been assayed in a number of in vivo and in vitro systems for biological activity. The in vitro systems includes: (1) the standard Ames Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay, (2) the S. typhimurium fluctuation test; (3) forward mutation assay in S. typhimurium (8-Ag) test; (4) prophage induction (INDUCTEST); (5) Syrian hamster ovary (SHE) cell transformation assay; and (6) Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell mutation assay. In addition, both initiation/promotion (I/P) and chronic skin-painting assays were used as measures of tumorigenesis. In general, materials shown to be carcinogenic in the chronic skin-painting assay were also positive in the other assays. The failure of the Ames assay to respond to the neutral polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) fraction of SRC-II heavy distillate (HD) was a notable exception. Quantitatively, the Ames assay was more sensitive to nitrogen-containing compounds (particularly primary aromatic amines) and less sensitive to mixtures of PAH. The mammalian systems, both in vitro and in vivo, showed greater responses to the neutral PAH than to the nitrogen-containing compounds. Activity in all biological systems increased with increasing boiling point of the material tested. The I/P assay ranked the materials studied in the same order as did the chronic skin-painting assay; however, the results of the two assays diverged quantitatively, particularly for certain distillate cuts. Despite the lack of quantitative agreement between the in vitro microbial and in vivo skin-painting assays, the in vitro assays remain valuable screening tools for complex mixtures. Sufficient information now exists to qualify the use of the in vitro assays for complex mixtures and to increase their reliability.

• Research Organization: Pacific Northwest Lab., Richland, WA (USA)
• DOE Contract Number: AC06-76RL01830
• OSTI ID: 5587594
• Report Number(s): PNL-4836; ON: DE84000851
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT
010405* -- Coal
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63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
AMINES
ANIMALS
AROMATICS
BACTERIA
BODY
BOILING POINTS
CARCINOGENESIS
CELL CULTURES
COAL LIQUEFACTION
COAL LIQUIDS
CORRELATIONS
DATA
DISPERSIONS
EXPERIMENTAL DATA
FLUIDS
FRACTIONATION
HAMSTERS
HYDROCARBONS
IN VITRO
IN VIVO
INFORMATION
LIQUEFACTION
LIQUIDS
MAMMALS
MICROORGANISMS
MIXTURES
MUTAGEN SCREENING
MUTAGENESIS
NUMERICAL DATA
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANS
PATHOGENESIS
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
PROMOTERS
RODENTS
SALMONELLA
SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM
SCREENING
SEPARATION PROCESSES
SKIN
SRC-II PROCESS
THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES
TRANSITION TEMPERATURE
TUMOR PROMOTERS
VERTEBRATES