Second generation fracturing fluids
The process of hydraulically fracturing oil and gas wells has been constantly improved since the method was first introduced. The first fluids used actually evolved from incendiary fuel gel knowledge accumulated during World War II. They were composed of fuel oil, kerosine or crude oil, and were very combustible. Friction losses in pipe were high, fluid leakoff in the formation was excessive, and the rate that sand grains dropped in the fluid was a problem. Improvements were not long in coming, and fluid loss additives, friction reducers, and gelled water appeared as hydraulic fracturing became more sophisticated. Research performed by Esso Production Research of Houston resulted in a new fracturing fluid called Super-Frac which has caused a re-examination of the ideal properties a fluid should have, and from which other fluids have evolved.
- Research Organization:
- Western Co.
- OSTI ID:
- 5172582
- Report Number(s):
- CONF-700354-
- Journal Information:
- API Prod. Div. Sw. Dist. Spring Mtg.; (United States), Journal Name: API Prod. Div. Sw. Dist. Spring Mtg.; (United States) Vol. 906-15-4
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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