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Metabolism of the benzidine-based azo dye Direct Black 38 by human intestinal microbiota

Journal Article · · Appl. Environ. Microbiol.; (United States)
OSTI ID:5090163
; ;
Benzidine-based azo dyes are proven mutagens and have been linked to bladder cancer. Previous studies have indicated that their initial reduction is the result of the azo reductase activity of the intestinal microbiota. Metabolism of the benzidine-based dye Direct Black 38 was examined by using a semicontinuous culture system that simulates the lumen of the human large intestine. The system was inoculated with freshly voided feces, and an active flora was maintained as evidenced by volatile fatty acid and gas production. Within 7 days after exposure to the dye, the following metabolites were isolated and identified by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry: benzidine, 4-aminobiphenyl, monoacetylbenzidine, and acetylaminobiphenyl. Benzidine reached its peak level after 24 h, accounting for 39.1% of the added dye. Its level began to decline, and by day 7 the predominant metabolite was acetylaminobiphenyl, which accounted for 51.1% of the parent compound. Formation of the deaminated and N-acetylated analogs of benzidine, which have enhanced mutagenicity and lipophilicity, previously has not been attributed to the intestinal microbiota.
Research Organization:
Univ. of Alabama, Birmingham
OSTI ID:
5090163
Journal Information:
Appl. Environ. Microbiol.; (United States), Journal Name: Appl. Environ. Microbiol.; (United States) Vol. 50:1; ISSN AEMID
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Related Subjects

560306* -- Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology-- Man-- (-1987)
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
AMINES
ANIMALS
AROMATICS
AZO COMPOUNDS
AZO DYES
BENZIDINE
BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS
BIOLOGICAL WASTES
BODY
CHROMATOGRAPHY
DATA
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
DYES
ENZYME ACTIVITY
EXPERIMENTAL DATA
FECES
GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
INFORMATION
INTESTINES
LARGE INTESTINE
MAMMALS
MAN
MASS SPECTROSCOPY
MATERIALS
METABOLISM
METABOLITES
MICROORGANISMS
MUTAGENESIS
NUMERICAL DATA
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
ORGANS
PRIMATES
SEPARATION PROCESSES
SPECTROSCOPY
VERTEBRATES
WASTES