Comparative mutagenicity studies of azo dyes and their reduction products in Salmonella typhimurium
The arabinose-resistant and Ames assay systems of Salmonella typhimurium were used to evaluate the mutagenic potential of azo dyes and their aromatic amine reduction products. Azo dyes, namely direct black 38, direct blue 15, and direct red 2, were mutagenic in the arabinose-resistant and Ames assays with both hamster and rat liver S9 activation. Both assays gave relatively higher mutagenic responses with hamster S9. Reduction products of these dyes, namely benzidine, o-dianisidine, and o-tolidine, were mutagenic in the Ames assay. Benzidine was weakly mutagenic and o-dianisidine and o-tolidine were nonmutagenic in the arabinose-resistant assay. These results indicate that both arabinose-resistant tester SV50 and Ames tester TA98 were sensitive in detecting mutagenicity of azo dyes. The use of the standard plate protocol with Ames tester TA98 is more efficient than the modified azo dye protocol in detecting mutagenicity of aromatic amine reduction products. Additional modifications in either the standard plate or modified azo dye protocols may improve detection of mutagenicity of these compounds in the arabinose-resistant assay system.
- Research Organization:
- West Virginia Univ., Morgantown
- OSTI ID:
- 5089856
- Journal Information:
- J. Toxicol. Environ. Health; (United States), Vol. 18:1
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
AZO DYES
MUTAGEN SCREENING
MUTAGENESIS
COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONS
EXPERIMENTAL DATA
HAMSTERS
LIVER
METABOLIC ACTIVATION
METABOLITES
RATS
SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM
ANIMALS
AZO COMPOUNDS
BACTERIA
BODY
DATA
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
DYES
GLANDS
INFORMATION
MAMMALS
MICROORGANISMS
NUMERICAL DATA
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
ORGANS
RODENTS
SALMONELLA
SCREENING
VERTEBRATES
560302* - Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology- Microorganisms- (-1987)