THE ATTAINMENT AND MEASUREMENT OF LOW PRESSURES

Journal Article · Sun Oct 01 04:00:00 EDT 1961 · Z. angew Phys.

OSTI ID:4821005

Klopfer, A

The present state of ultrahigh vacuum techniques permits pressures of less than 10/sup -10/ Torr to be obtained in small systems and up to l0/sup -10/ Torr in large installations. The production of the highest vacuum possible is less the question of which pump should be used, than the use of suitable technique in the construction of the vacuum system and the correct degassing method. In addition to the well-known diffusion pumps, getter-ion pumps, molecular pumps, and condensation and adsorption pumps can be used. Getter-ion pumps and especially the types that work by the principle of cathode discharge prove supernnor to all others because of their simple operation when the vacuum system must be maintained at low pressures for a very long time. In diffusion pumps, cold traps or oil collectors are introduced in order to prevent the penetration of propellants in the recipient and therefore perturbation in surface studies. The metal vapors must be kept off the measurement object in evaporator getter pumps. Pressure measurement instruments are known with which total or partial pressures up to about l0/sup -12/ Torr can be obtained. 74 references. (tr-auth)

• Research Organization: Philips-Zentrallaboratorium, Aachen
• NSA Number: NSA-16-006525
• OSTI ID: 4821005
• Journal Information: Z. angew Phys., Journal Name: Z. angew Phys. Vol. Vol: 13
• Country of Publication: Country unknown/Code not available
• Language: German

Related Subjects

ADSORPTION
CONTROL
ENGINEERING AND EQUIPMENT
IMPURITIES
INSTRUMENTS
ION PUMPS
IONIZATION
LIQUEFYING
MEASURED VALUES
METALS
PRESSURE
PUMPS
VACUUM
VAPORS