C60-Based Ionic Salt Electron Shuttle for High-Performance Inverted Perovskite Solar Modules
- National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO (United States)
- King Abdullah University of Science & Technology
- Newcastle University
- University of Toledo
- CubicPV
- Arizona State University
Although C60 is usually the electron transport layer (ETL) in inverted perovskite solar cells, its molecular nature of C60 leads to weak interfaces that lead to non-ideal interfacial electronic and mechanical degradation. Here, we synthesized an ionic salt from C60, 4-(1',5'-dihydro-1'-methyl-2'H-[5,6] fullereno-C60-Ih-[1,9-c]pyrrol-2'-yl) phenylmethanaminium chloride (CPMAC), and used it as the electron shuttle in inverted PSCs. The CH2-NH3+ head group in the CPMA cation improved the ETL interface and the ionic nature enhanced the packing, leading to ~3-fold increase in the interfacial toughness compared to C60. Using CPMAC, we obtained ~26% power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) with ~2% degradation after 2,100 hours of 1-sun operation at 65degrees C. For minimodules (four subcells, 6 centimeters square), we achieved the PCE of ~23% with <9% degradation after 2,200 hours of operation at 55degrees C.
- Research Organization:
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Renewable Power Office. Solar Energy Technologies Office; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC36-08GO28308
- OSTI ID:
- 2564385
- Report Number(s):
- NREL/JA-5900-92983
- Journal Information:
- Science, Journal Name: Science Journal Issue: 6750 Vol. 388
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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