A novel method for co-optimizing battery sizing and charging strategy of battery electric bus fleets: An application to the city of Paris

Basma, Hussein; Mansour, Charbel; Haddad, Marc; Nemer, Maroun; Stabat, Pascal

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2023.129459

A novel method for co-optimizing battery sizing and charging strategy of battery electric bus fleets: An application to the city of Paris

Journal Article · Thu Oct 26 00:00:00 UTC 2023 · Energy

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2023.129459· OSTI ID:2536680

Basma, Hussein ^[1]; ^[2]; ^[3]; Nemer, Maroun ^[4]; ^[4]

International Council on Clean Transportation, Berlin (Germany); PSL Research University, Palaiseau (France)
Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
Lebanese American University, New York, NY (United States)
PSL Research University, Palaiseau (France)

Battery-electric buses (BEBs) are a promising technology for replacing diesel buses and reducing their environmental burden. However, their charging process can take several hours, depending on the charging technique and strategy, making them susceptible to schedule disruptions. Furthermore, the selection of the charging strategy and battery size can increase the total capital investment and operational expenses of a BEB fleet, which is a major obstacle to its adoption. Therefore, to minimize the total cost of ownership (TCO) and prevent schedule disruptions, it is essential to establish a well-defined approach to determine an appropriate battery size and charging strategy for BEB fleets. This paper presents a method for reducing the TCO of BEB by determining the optimal battery size and charging strategy for each bus while satisfying operating constraints. The method involves a two-step optimization algorithm that uses Dynamic Programming and Genetic Algorithm. Further, the study applies this approach to the bus fleet serving line 21 in Paris and generates the optimal battery sizing, charging strategy, and required charging infrastructure. The results indicate that 100 kWh batteries offer the best trade-off between capital and operational expenditure for the fleet deployment if used with 65–85 kW chargers at bus terminals.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 2536680

Journal Information:: Energy, Journal Name: Energy Vol. 285; ISSN 0360-5442

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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