Time-Dependent Electric Bus and Charging Station Deployment Problem

He, Yi; Liu, Zhaocai; Zhang, Yiming; Song, Ziqi

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2023.128227

Time-Dependent Electric Bus and Charging Station Deployment Problem

Journal Article · Thu Jun 22 04:00:00 EDT 2023 · Energy

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2023.128227· OSTI ID:1996403

He, Yi; ; Zhang, Yiming; Song, Ziqi

Battery electric buses (BEBs) have gained popularity due to their emission-free and energy-efficient features. Many transit authorities worldwide have set goals to gradually replace their bus fleets with BEBs. Considering the potential decline in BEB battery and charger prices, this study proposes a time-dependent bus fleet transition model to determine the optimal bus fleet transition plan, which includes selecting the bus lines to be electrified, determining the timing and type of BEBs to be purchased, and deploying on-route fast chargers and depot chargers. The model is a bi-objective integer linear program that considers the trade-off between electrified transit mileages and bus electrification costs. A normalized normal constraint method is applied to solve the bi-objective optimization model. The effectiveness of the proposed model is tested using a real-world bus network. Additionally, sensitivity analyses are conducted to better understand the impact of different parameter values on the optimal solutions. Our proposed model can provide transit authorities with a powerful tool to make informed decisions about their BEB fleet replacement plans.

Research Organization:: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Transportation Office. Vehicle Technologies Office; National Science Foundation (NSF), Center for Advancing Sustainability through Powered Infrastructure for Roadway Electrification (ASPIRE)

DOE Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308

OSTI ID:: 1996403

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA-2C00-86984; MainId:87759; UUID:3bc8448a-3983-4a6a-bfb3-2a9991bdf015; MainAdminID:70284

Journal Information:: Energy, Journal Name: Energy Vol. 282

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Time-Dependent Electric Bus and Charging Station Deployment Problem

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