Measurement-induced entanglement and teleportation on a noisy quantum processor

Journal Article · Wed Oct 18 00:00:00 EDT 2023 · Nature (London)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06505-7· OSTI ID:2472117

Hoke, J. C. ^[1]; Ippoliti, M.; Rosenberg, E.; Abanin, D.; Acharya, R.; Andersen, T. I.; Ansmann, M.; Arute, F.; Arya, K.; Asfaw, A.; Atalaya, J.; Bardin, J. C.; Bengtsson, A.; Bortoli, G.; Bourassa, A.; Bovaird, J.; Brill, L.; Broughton, M.; Buckley, B. B.; Buell, D. A. ; Burger, T.; Burkett, B.; Bushnell, N.; Chen, Z.; Chiaro, B.; Chik, D.; Cogan, J.; Collins, R.; Conner, P.; Courtney, W.; Crook, A. L.; Curtin, B.; Dau, A. G.; Debroy, D. M.; Del Toro Barba, A.; Demura, S.; Di Paolo, A.; Drozdov, I. K.; Dunsworth, A.; Eppens, D.; Erickson, C.; Farhi, E.; Fatemi, R.; Ferreira, V. S.; Burgos, L. F.; Forati, E.; Fowler, A. G.; Foxen, B.; Giang, W.; Gidney, C.; Gilboa, D.; Giustina, M.; Gosula, R.; Gross, J. A.; Habegger, S.; Hamilton, M. C.; Hansen, M.; Harrigan, M. P.; Harrington, S. D.; Heu, P.; Hoffmann, M. R.; Hong, S.; Huang, T.; Huff, A.; Huggins, W. J.; Isakov, S. V.; Iveland, J.; Jeffrey, E.; Jiang, Z.; Jones, C.; Juhas, P.; Kafri, D.; Kechedzhi, K.; Khattar, T.; Khezri, M.; Kieferová, M.; Kim, S.; Kitaev, A.; Klimov, P. V.; Klots, A. R.; Korotkov, A. N.; Kostritsa, F.; Kreikebaum, J. M.; Landhuis, D.; Laptev, P.; Lau, K. -M.; Laws, L.; Lee, J.; Lee, K. W.; Lensky, Y. D.; Lester, B. J.; Lill, A. T.; Liu, W.; Locharla, A.; Martin, O.; McClean, J. R.; McEwen, M.; Miao, K. C.; Mieszala, A.; Montazeri, S.; Morvan, A.; Movassagh, R.; Mruczkiewicz, W.; Neeley, M.; Neill, C.; Nersisyan, A.; Newman, M.; Ng, J. H.; Nguyen, A.; Nguyen, M.; Niu, M. Y.; O’Brien, T. E.; Omonije, S.; Opremcak, A.; Petukhov, A.; Potter, R.; Pryadko, L. P.; Quintana, C.; Rocque, C.; Rubin, N. C.; Saei, N.; Sank, D.; Sankaragomathi, K.; Satzinger, K. J.; Schurkus, H. F.; Schuster, C.; Shearn, M. J.; Shorter, A.; Shutty, N.; Shvarts, V.; Skruzny, J.; Smith, W. C.; Somma, R.; Sterling, G.; Strain, D.; Szalay, M.; Torres, A.; Vidal, G.; Villalonga, B.; Heidweiller, C. V.; White, T.; Woo, B. K.; Xing, C.; Yao, Z. J.; Yeh, P.; Yoo, J.; Young, G.; Zalcman, A.; Zhang, Y.; Zhu, N.; Zobrist, N.; Neven, H.; Babbush, R.; Bacon, D.; Boixo, S.; Hilton, J.; Lucero, E.; Megrant, A.; Kelly, J.; Chen, Y.; Smelyanskiy, V.; Mi, X.; Khemani, V.; Roushan, P.

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1. Google Research, Mountain View, CA (United States); Google Quantum AI and Collaborators. et al.; OSTI

Measurement has a special role in quantum theory: by collapsing the wavefunction, it can enable phenomena such as teleportation and thereby alter the ‘arrow of time’ that constrains unitary evolution. When integrated in many-body dynamics, measurements can lead to emergent patterns of quantum information in space–time that go beyond the established paradigms for characterizing phases, either in or out of equilibrium. For present-day noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) processors, the experimental realization of such physics can be problematic because of hardware limitations and the stochastic nature of quantum measurement. Here we address these experimental challenges and study measurement-induced quantum information phases on up to 70 superconducting qubits. By leveraging the interchangeability of space and time, we use a duality mapping to avoid mid-circuit measurement and access different manifestations of the underlying phases, from entanglement scaling to measurement-induced teleportation. We obtain finite-sized signatures of a phase transition with a decoding protocol that correlates the experimental measurement with classical simulation data. The phases display remarkably different sensitivity to noise, and we use this disparity to turn an inherent hardware limitation into a useful diagnostic. Our work demonstrates an approach to realizing measurement-induced physics at scales that are at the limits of current NISQ processors.

• Research Organization: Stanford University, CA (United States)
• Sponsoring Organization: Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (GBMF); National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
• Contributing Organization: Google Quantum AI and Collaborators
• Grant/Contract Number: SC0021111
• OSTI ID: 2472117
• Journal Information: Nature (London), Journal Name: Nature (London) Journal Issue: 7983 Vol. 622; ISSN 0028-0836
• Publisher: Nature Publishing Group
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS
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