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Erasure conversion in a high-fidelity Rydberg quantum simulator

Journal Article · · Nature (London)

Minimizing and understanding errors is critical for quantum science, both in noisy intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) devices and for the quest towards fault-tolerant quantum computation. Rydberg arrays have emerged as a prominent platform in this context with impressive system sizes and proposals suggesting how error-correction thresholds could be significantly improved by detecting leakage errors with single-atom resolution, a form of erasure error conversion. However, two-qubit entanglement fidelities in Rydberg atom arrays have lagged behind competitors and this type of erasure conversion is yet to be realized for matter-based qubits in general. Here we demonstrate both erasure conversion and high-fidelity Bell state generation using a Rydberg quantum simulator. When excising data with erasure errors observed via fast imaging of alkaline-earth atoms, we achieve a Bell state fidelity of $$\ge 0.997{1}_{-13}^{+10}$$ , which improves to $$\ge 0.998{5}_{-12}^{+7}$$ when correcting for remaining state-preparation errors. We further apply erasure conversion in a quantum simulation experiment for quasi-adiabatic preparation of long-range order across a quantum phase transition, and reveal the otherwise hidden impact of these errors on the simulation outcome. Our work demonstrates the capability for Rydberg-based entanglement to reach fidelities in the 0.999 regime, with higher fidelities a question of technical improvements, and shows how erasure conversion can be utilized in NISQ devices. These techniques could be translated directly to quantum-error-correction codes with the addition of long-lived qubits.

Research Organization:
National Quantum Information Science (QIS) Research Centers (United States). Quantum Systems Accelerator (QSA)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-05CH11231
OSTI ID:
2471675
Journal Information:
Nature (London), Journal Name: Nature (London) Journal Issue: 7982 Vol. 622; ISSN 0028-0836
Publisher:
Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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