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Seagrass genomes reveal ancient polyploidy and adaptations to the marine environment

Journal Article · · Nature Plants (Online)
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  1. Ghent Univ. (Belgium); Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Ghent (Belgium)
  2. Ghent Univ. (Belgium)
  3. Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Naples (Italy)
  4. USDOE Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
  5. GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel (Germany)
  6. Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Borok (Russian Federation). Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters
  7. HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL (United States)
  8. Florida International Univ. (FIU), Miami, FL (United States)
  9. Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Naples (Italy); Univ. of Naples Federico II (Italy)
  10. Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Naples (Italy); National Biodiversity Future Centre (NBFC), Palermo (Italy)
  11. GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel (Germany); Univ. of Kiel (Germany)
  12. Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Naples (Italy); Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO-CSIC), Murcia (Spain)
  13. Centre for Ecological Research, Debrecen (Hungary). Wetland Ecology Research Group
  14. Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (Malaysia)
  15. Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (United States)
  16. Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Naples (Italy); Univ. of Bologna (Italy); Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Fano (Italy). Fano Marine Center
  17. Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne (Germany)
  18. USDOE Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL (United States)
  19. Univ. of Groningen (Netherlands)
  20. Ghent Univ. (Belgium); Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Ghent (Belgium); Univ. of Pretoria (South Africa); Nanjing Agricultural University (China)
Here, we present chromosome-level genome assemblies from representative species of three independently evolved seagrass lineages: Posidonia oceanica, Cymodocea nodosa, Thalassia testudinum and Zostera marina. We also include a draft genome of Potamogeton acutifolius, belonging to a freshwater sister lineage to Zosteraceae. All seagrass species share an ancient whole-genome triplication, while additional whole-genome duplications were uncovered for C. nodosa, Z. marina and P. acutifolius. Comparative analysis of selected gene families suggests that the transition from submerged-freshwater to submerged-marine environments mainly involved fine-tuning of multiple processes (such as osmoregulation, salinity, light capture, carbon acquisition and temperature) that all had to happen in parallel, probably explaining why adaptation to a marine lifestyle has been exceedingly rare. Major gene losses related to stomata, volatiles, defence and lignification are probably a consequence of the return to the sea rather than the cause of it. These new genomes will accelerate functional studies and solutions, as continuing losses of the savannahs of the sea are of major concern in times of climate change and loss of biodiversity.
Research Organization:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities (SUF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER). Biological Systems Science (BSS)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-05CH11231
OSTI ID:
2466155
Journal Information:
Nature Plants (Online), Journal Name: Nature Plants (Online) Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 10; ISSN 2055-0278
Publisher:
Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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