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The genome of the seagrass Zostera marina reveals angiosperm adaptation to the sea

Journal Article · · Nature (London)
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/nature16548· OSTI ID:1616045
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  1. Univ. of Groningen, Groningen (The Netherlands). Groningen Inst. of Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES)
  2. Ghent Univ., Ghent, (Belgium)
  3. GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research-Kiel, Evolutionary Ecology, Kiel (Germany)
  4. Sorbonne Univ., Paris (France). Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff
  5. Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples (Italy)
  6. Univ. of Udine, Udine (Italy)
  7. Inst. National de la Recherche Agronomique, Versailles (France). INRA de Versailles-Grignon
  8. Westfälische Wilhelms-Univ. of Münster, Münster (Germany). Inst. for Evolution and Biodiversity; Heinrich Heine Univ., Duesseldorf (Germany). Inst. for Computer Science
  9. Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples (Italy)
  10. Univ. of Gothenburg (Sweden)
  11. USDOE Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, CA (United States)
  12. Åbo Akademi Univ., Turku/Åbo (Finland)
  13. USDOE Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, CA (United States); HudsonAlpha Inst. for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL (United States)
  14. Nord Univ., Bodø (Norway)
  15. Amplicon Express, Pullman, WA (United States)
  16. Westfälische Wilhelms-Univ. of Münster, Münster (Germany). Inst. for Evolution and Biodiversity
  17. Univ. of Delaware, Newark, DE (United States). Delaware Biotechnology Inst.
  18. Univ. of Algarve, Faro (Portugal)
  19. King Abdullah Univ. of Science and Technology (KAUST), Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Thuwal (Saudi Arabia)
  20. GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research-Kiel, Evolutionary Ecology, Kiel (Germany); Univ. of Kiel, Kiel (Germany)
  21. Ghent Univ., Ghent, (Belgium). Bioinformatics Inst. Ghent; Univ. of Pretoria, Pretoria (South Africa). Genomics Research Inst.
Seagrasses colonized the sea on at least three independent occasions to form the basis of one of the most productive and widespread coastal ecosystems on the planet. Here we report the genome of Zostera marina (L.), the first, to our knowledge, marine angiosperm to be fully sequenced. This reveals unique insights into the genomic losses and gains involved in achieving the structural and physiological adaptations required for its marine lifestyle, arguably the most severe habitat shift ever accomplished by flowering plants. Key angiosperm innovations that were lost include the entire repertoire of stomatal genes, genes involved in the synthesis of terpenoids and ethylene signalling, and genes for ultraviolet protection and phytochromes for far-red sensing. Seagrasses have also regained functions enabling them to adjust to full salinity. Their cell walls contain all of the polysaccharides typical of land plants, but also contain polyanionic, low-methylated pectins and sulfated galactans, a feature shared with the cell walls of all macroalgae and that is important for ion homoeostasis, nutrient uptake and O2/CO2 exchange through leaf epidermal cells. The Z. marina genome resource will markedly advance a wide range of functional ecological studies from adaptation of marine ecosystems under climate warming, to unravelling the mechanisms of osmoregulation under high salinities that may further inform our understanding of the evolution of salt tolerance in crop plants.
Research Organization:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
European Union (EU); Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-05CH11231
OSTI ID:
1616045
Journal Information:
Nature (London), Journal Name: Nature (London) Journal Issue: 7590 Vol. 530; ISSN 0028-0836
Publisher:
Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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