Formation and coarsening of epitaxially-supported metal nanoclusters

Han, Yong; Liu, Da-Jiang; Lai, King C.; Thiel, Patricia A.; Evans, James W.

doi:10.1016/j.susc.2024.122581

Formation and coarsening of epitaxially-supported metal nanoclusters

Journal Article · Wed Aug 28 00:00:00 EDT 2024 · Surface Science

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2024.122581· OSTI ID:2448522

Han, Yong ^[1]; Liu, Da-Jiang ^[2]; Lai, King C. ^[2]; Thiel, Patricia A. ^[3]; ^[1]

Ames Laboratory (AMES), Ames, IA (United States); Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States)
Ames Laboratory (AMES), Ames, IA (United States)
Ames Laboratory (AMES), Ames, IA (United States); Ames Lab., and Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States)

This mini-review describes developments over the last ~30 years in characterizing the nucleation & growth of epitaxially-supported metal nanoclusters (NCs) or islands during vapor deposition, as well as their post-deposition coarsening. A beyond-mean-field treatment for homogeneous nucleation & growth corrects the deficiencies of traditional treatments in describing, e.g., the island size distribution, but also necessitates consideration of the spatial distribution of islands and their capture zones. We discuss advances in modeling capabilities, including those based upon on an ab-initio level treatment of periphery diffusion kinetics, for description of the non-equilibrium growth shapes of these NCs, focusing on 2D NCs. For post-deposition coarsening of arrays of NCs, there is generally a competition between Ostwald Ripening (OR) and Smoluchowski Ripening (SR). SR is also known as Particle Migration & Coalescence. For 2D NCs in homoepitaxial systems, conventional OR is observed on pristine fcc(111) surfaces, dramatically enhanced OR in the presence of even trace amounts of chalcogens for Cu(111) and Ag(111), and anomalous OR on anisotropic fcc(110) surfaces. The unexpected discovery of SR for fcc(100) homoepitaxial systems prompted extensive analysis of the underlying diffusivities of 2D NCs as a function of size, as well as of NC coalescence dynamics. A comprehensive understanding of these processes is now available. Self-assembly of 3D NCs during deposition, issues related to heterogeneous nucleation, directed assembly, NC growth structure selection, and coarsening are addressed. Finally, for SR of 3D epitaxial NCs, recent insights into the size-dependence of diffusivity are described.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Ames Laboratory (AMES), Ames, IA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Chemical Sciences, Geosciences & Biosciences Division (CSGB)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-07CH11358; AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 2448522

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2475243

Report Number(s):: IS-J--11,420

Journal Information:: Surface Science, Journal Name: Surface Science Vol. 751; ISSN 0039-6028

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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