Microgrid Service Restoration Incorporating Unmonitored Automatic Voltage Controllers and Net Metered Loads

Jain, Akshay Kumar; Liu, Chen-Ching; Bharati, Alok Kumar; Schneider, Kevin P.; Tuffner, Francis K.; Ton, Dan

doi:10.1109/tsg.2024.3387874

Microgrid Service Restoration Incorporating Unmonitored Automatic Voltage Controllers and Net Metered Loads

Journal Article · Thu Apr 11 00:00:00 EDT 2024 · IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2024.3387874· OSTI ID:2440038

^[1]; ^[1]; ^[2]; ^[2]; ^[2]; Ton, Dan ^[3]

Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ. (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA (United States)
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
US Department of Energy (USDOE), Washington, DC (United States). Office of Electricity (OE)

Islanded microgrids may experience voltage and frequency instability due to uncontrolled state changes of voltage regulation devices and inaccurate demand forecasts. Uncontrolled state changes can occur if optimal microgrid restoration and dispatch algorithms, used for generating control commands for distributed energy resources, do not incorporate the behavior of automatic controllers of voltage regulation devices. Inaccurate demand forecasts may be encountered since post-outage demand of behind-the-meter net metered (NM) loads can vary significantly from their historical NM profiles. Here, this paper proposes an optimization formulation which allows optimal control of voltage regulators and capacitor banks without remote control and communication capabilities. A generalized demand model for NM loads is proposed which incorporates the cold load pickup phenomenon and their time varying post-outage demand in accordance with the IEEE 1547 standard. The time dependent optimal control formulation and the NM demand model are integrated in a sequential microgrid restoration algorithm by linearization of the involved logic propositions. A detailed case study on the unbalanced IEEE 123-node test system in OpenDSS validates the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Electricity (OE)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830

OSTI ID:: 2440038

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA--191715

Journal Information:: IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, Journal Name: IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid Journal Issue: 5 Vol. 15; ISSN 1949-3053

Publisher:: IEEECopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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