Secondary phase segregation in heavily transition metal implanted ZnO

Journal Article · Wed Apr 15 04:00:00 EDT 2009 · Journal of Applied Physics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3106104· OSTI ID:21356108

Schumm, Marcel; Koerdel, Martin; Geurts, Jean ^[1]; Mueller, Sven ^[2]; Ronning, Carsten ^[3]; Dynowska, Elzbieta; Golacki, Zbigniew; Szuszkiewicz, Wojciech ^[4]

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1. Physikalisches Institut, Universitaet Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg (Germany)
2. II. Physikalisches Institut, Universitaet Goettingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Goettingen (Germany)
3. Institut fuer Festkoerperphysik, Universitaet Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena (Germany)
4. Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, al. Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668 Warszawa (Poland)

With micro-Raman spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction (XRD), we studied ZnO crystals implanted with Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni, respectively, with implantation concentrations from 4 up to 16 at. %. Using thermal treatments in air up to 700 deg. C, we analyzed the annealing effect on the ZnO crystal lattice as well as the onset of secondary phases and their microstructure on the sample surface. While the 500 deg. C treatment induces a considerable annealing, secondary phases are observed for transition metal (TM) concentrations >=8 at. % after the treatment at 700 deg. C. Their microstructure strongly depends on the TM species. Various stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric TM oxide precipitates as well as elemental TM clusters are identified by their Raman and XRD signatures and their possible magnetic impact is discussed.

• OSTI ID: 21356108
• Journal Information: Journal of Applied Physics, Journal Name: Journal of Applied Physics Journal Issue: 8 Vol. 105; ISSN JAPIAU; ISSN 0021-8979
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
ANNEALING
CHALCOGENIDES
COBALT
COHERENT SCATTERING
CRYSTAL LATTICES
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE
CRYSTALS
DIFFRACTION
ELEMENTS
HEAT TREATMENTS
ION IMPLANTATION
IRON
LASER SPECTROSCOPY
MANGANESE
MATERIALS
METALS
MICROSTRUCTURE
NICKEL
OXIDES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PRECIPITATION
RAMAN SPECTRA
RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY
SCATTERING
SEGREGATION
SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS
SEPARATION PROCESSES
SPECTRA
SPECTROSCOPY
STOICHIOMETRY
TRANSITION ELEMENTS
X-RAY DIFFRACTION
ZINC COMPOUNDS
ZINC OXIDES