Mechanisms of spray formation and combustion from a multi-hole injector with E85 and gasoline

Journal Article · Thu Apr 15 00:00:00 EDT 2010 · Combustion and Flame

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/J.COMBUSTFLAME.2009.12.019· OSTI ID:21305679

Aleiferis, P G; Serras-Pereira, J; van Romunde, Z ^[1]; Caine, J ^[2]; Wirth, M ^[3]

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1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London (United Kingdom)
2. Ford Motor Company, Dunton Engineering Centre (United Kingdom)
3. Ford Werke GmbH, Merkenich, Cologne (Germany)

The spray formation and combustion characteristics of gasoline and E85 (85% ethanol, 15% gasoline) have been investigated using a multi-hole injector with asymmetric nozzle-hole arrangement. Experiments were carried out in a quiescent optical chamber using high-speed shadowgraphy (9 kHz) to characterise the spray sensitivity to both injector temperature and ambient pressure in the range of 20-120 C and 0.5, 1.0 bar. Spray-tip penetrations and 'umbrella' spray cone angles were calculated for all conditions. Phase Doppler Anemometry was also used to measure droplet sizes in the core of one of the spray plumes, 25 mm below the injector tip. To study the effect of fuel properties on vaporisation and mixture preparation under realistic operating conditions, a separate set of experiments was carried out in a direct-injection spark-ignition optical engine. The engine was run at 1500 RPM under cold and fully warmed-up conditions (20 C and 90 C) at part load and full load (0.5 and 1.0 bar intake pressure). Floodlit laser Mie-scattering images of the sprays on two orthogonal planes corresponding to the swirl and tumble planes of in-cylinder flow motion were acquired to study the full injection event and post-injection mixing stage. These were used to make comparisons with the static chamber sprays and to quantify the liquid-to-vapour phase evaporation process for both fuels by calculating the projected 'footprint' of the sprays at different conditions. Analysis of the macroscopic structure and turbulent primary break-up properties of the sprays was undertaken in light of jet exit conditions described in terms of non-dimensional numbers. The effects on stoichiometric combustion were investigated by imaging the natural flame chemiluminescence through the engine's piston crown (swirl plane) and by post-processing to derive flame growth rates and trajectories of flame motion. (author)

• OSTI ID: 21305679
• Journal Information: Combustion and Flame, Journal Name: Combustion and Flame Journal Issue: 4 Vol. 157; ISSN CBFMAO; ISSN 0010-2180
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS
ASYMMETRY
CHEMILUMINESCENCE
COMBUSTION
COMBUSTION PROPERTIES
COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONS
CONES
CYLINDERS
DIRECT INJECTION ENGINES
DISI engines
DROPLETS
E85
EVAPORATION
FLAMES
GASOHOL
GASOLINE
IGNITION
IMAGES
INJECTION
LIQUIDS
MIXING
MIXTURES
NOZZLES
PLUMES
PRESSURE DEPENDENCE
PRESSURE RANGE KILO PA
SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS
SIZE
SPARK IGNITION ENGINES
SPRAYS
STOICHIOMETRY
Spray formation
TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE
TEMPERATURE RANGE 0273-0400 K
TRAJECTORIES
VAPORS
VELOCITY