Flow visualisation in real-size optical injectors of conventional, additised, and renewable gasoline blends

Heidari-Koochi, Milad; Karathanassis, Ioannis K.; Koukouvinis, Phoevos; Hwang, Joonsik; Pickett, Lyle M.; Spivey, David; Gavaises, Manolis

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2021.115109

Flow visualisation in real-size optical injectors of conventional, additised, and renewable gasoline blends

Journal Article · Fri Dec 10 23:00:00 EST 2021 · Energy Conversion and Management

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2021.115109· OSTI ID:1845390

Heidari-Koochi, Milad ^[1]; Karathanassis, Ioannis K. ^[2]; Koukouvinis, Phoevos ^[2]; Hwang, Joonsik ^[3]; Pickett, Lyle M. ^[4]; Spivey, David ^[5]; Gavaises, Manolis ^[1]

Univ. of London (United Kingdom)
Univ. of London (United Kingdom); Sandia National Lab. (SNL-CA), Livermore, CA (United States)
Mississippi State Univ., Mississippi State, MS (United States)
Sandia National Lab. (SNL-CA), Livermore, CA (United States)
Lubrizol European Research and Development Centre, Derby (United Kingdom)

Research on renewable and alternative fuels is crucial for improving the energy and environmental efficiency of modern gasoline internal combustion engines. To highlight the influence of fuel rheological and thermodynamic properties on phase change and atomisation processes, three types of gasoline blends were tested. More specifically, the campaign comprised a reference gasoline, an ethanol/gasoline blend (10% v/v) representative of renewable fuels, and an additised gasoline sample treated with viscoelasticity-inducing agents. High-speed imaging of the transient two-phase flow field arising in the internal geometry and the near-nozzle spray region of gasoline injectors was performed employing Diffuse Backlight Illumination. The metallic body of a commercial injector was modified to fit transparent tips realising two nozzle layouts, namely a two-hole real size model resembling the Engine Combustion Network spray G injector and an enraged replica with an offset hole. Experiments were conducted at realistic operating conditions comprising an injection pressure of 100 bar and ambient pressures in the range of 0.1–6.0 bar to cover the entire range of chamber pressures prevailing in Gasoline Direct Injection engines. The action of viscoelastic additives was verified to have a suppressive effect on in-nozzle cavitation (6% reduction in cavitation extent) , while also enhancing spray atomisation at flash-boing conditions, in a manner resembling the more volatile gasoline/ethanol blends. Finally, persisting liquid ligaments were found to form after the end of injection for the additised sample, owing to the surfactant nature of the additives.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States); Sandia National Laboratories, SNL California

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC); EU Horizon-2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Global Fellowships

Grant/Contract Number:: NA0003525

OSTI ID:: 1845390

Report Number(s):: SAND2022-0771J; 703231

Journal Information:: Energy Conversion and Management, Journal Name: Energy Conversion and Management Vol. 252; ISSN 0196-8904

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Related Subjects

30 DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION
GDI engine
diffuse backlight illumination
gasoline/ethanol blend
high speed imaging
viscoelastic flow

Flow visualisation in real-size optical injectors of conventional, additised, and renewable gasoline blends

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