Co-Solvent Electrolyte Engineering for Stable Anode-Free Zinc Metal Batteries

Ming, Fangwang; Zhu, Yunpei; Huang, Gang; Emwas, Abdul-Hamid; Liang, Hanfeng; Cui, Yi; Alshareef, Husam N.

doi:10.1021/jacs.1c12764

Co-Solvent Electrolyte Engineering for Stable Anode-Free Zinc Metal Batteries

Journal Article · Mon Apr 18 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Journal of the American Chemical Society

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.1c12764· OSTI ID:1876886

^[1]; Zhu, Yunpei ^[1]; Huang, Gang ^[1]; Emwas, Abdul-Hamid ^[1]; ^[2]; ^[3]; ^[1]

King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal (Saudi Arabia)
Xiamen University (China)
Stanford University, CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)

We report anode-free metal batteries can in principle offer higher energy density, but this requires them to have extraordinary Coulombic efficiency (>99.7%). Although Zn-based metal batteries are promising for stationary storage, the parasitic side reactions make anode-free batteries difficult to achieve in practice. In this work, a salting-in-effect-induced hybrid electrolyte is proposed as an effective strategy that enables both a highly reversible Zn anode and good stability and compatibility toward various cathodes. The as-prepared electrolyte can also work well under a wide temperature range (i.e., from -20 to 50 °C). It is demonstrated that in the presence of propylene carbonate, triflate anions are involved in the Zn²⁺ solvation sheath structure, even at a low salt concentration (2.14 M). The unique solvation structure results in the reduction of anions, thus forming a hydrophobic solid electrolyte interphase. The waterproof interphase along with the decreased water activity in the hybrid electrolyte effectively prevents side reactions, thus ensuring a stable Zn anode with an unprecedented Coulombic efficiency (99.93% over 500 cycles at 1 mA cm^–2). More importantly, we design an anode-free Zn metal battery that exhibits excellent cycling stability (80% capacity retention after 275 cycles at 0.5 mA cm^–2). This work provides a universal strategy to design co-solvent electrolytes for anode-free Zn metal batteries.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515

OSTI ID:: 1876886

Journal Information:: Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Name: Journal of the American Chemical Society Journal Issue: 16 Vol. 144; ISSN 0002-7863

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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25 ENERGY STORAGE
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electrodes
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solvation
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Co-Solvent Electrolyte Engineering for Stable Anode-Free Zinc Metal Batteries

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