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The electrolyte comprising more robust water and superhalides transforms Zn-metal anode reversibly and dendrite-free

Journal Article · · Carbon Energy
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.70· OSTI ID:1869045
 [1];  [2];  [2];  [2];  [3];  [2];  [4];  [5];  [2];  [2];  [6];  [2];  [4];  [2]
  1. Shaanxi Normal Univ. (China); Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR (United States)
  2. Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR (United States)
  3. Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
  4. Univ. of California, Riverside CA (United States)
  5. Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States)
  6. Shaanxi Normal Univ. (China)
+ Show Author Affiliations

A great challenge for all aqueous batteries, including Zn-metal batteries, is the parasitic hydrogen evolution reaction on the low-potential anode. Herein, we report the formula of a highly concentrated aqueous electrolyte that mitigates hydrogen evolution by transforming water molecules more inert. The electrolyte comprises primarily ZnCl2 and LiCl as an additive, both of which are inexpensive salts. The O–H covalent bonds in water get strengthened in a chemical environment that has fewer hydrogen bonding interactions and a greater number of Zn–Cl superhalides, as suggested by integrated characterization and simulation. As a result, the average Coulombic efficiency of zinc-metal anode is raised to an unprecedented >99.7% at 1 mA cm–2. In the new electrolyte, the plating/stripping processes leave the zinc-metal anode dendrite-free, and the zinc-metal anode delivers stable plating/stripping cycles for 4000 hours with an areal capacity of 4 mAh cm–2 at 2 mA cm–2. Furthermore, the high Coulombic efficiency of zinc-metal anode in the ZnCl2-LiCl mixture electrolyte is demonstrated in full cells with a limited anode. The V2O5·H2O| |Zn full cell with an N/P mass ratio of 1.2 delivers a stable life of more than 2500 cycles, and the LiMn2O4| |Zn hybrid cell with an N/P mass ratio of 0.6 exhibits 1500 cycles in its stable life.

Research Organization:
Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC); China Scholarship Council; U.S. National Science Foundation; NSF
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-06CH11357
OSTI ID:
1869045
Journal Information:
Carbon Energy, Journal Name: Carbon Energy Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 3; ISSN 2637-9368
Publisher:
WileyCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Related Subjects

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LiCl
Zn anode
ZnCl
reversibility
stability
water‐in‐salt electrolyte