Entropy-driven order in an array of nanomagnets

Saglam, Hilal; Duzgun, Ayhan; Kargioti, Aikaterini; Harle, Nikhil; Zhang, Xiaoyu; Bingham, Nicholas S.; Lao, Yuyang; Gilbert, Ian; Sklenar, Joseph; Watts, Justin D.; Ramberger, Justin; Bromley, Daniel; Chopdekar, Rajesh V.; O’Brien, Liam; Leighton, Chris; Nisoli, Cristiano; Schiffer, Peter

doi:10.1038/s41567-022-01555-6

Title: Entropy-driven order in an array of nanomagnets

Journal Article · Thu Apr 07 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Nature Physics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-022-01555-6· OSTI ID:1868311

Saglam, Hilal ^[1]; Duzgun, Ayhan ^[2]; Kargioti, Aikaterini ^[1];

^[1]; Zhang, Xiaoyu ^[1]; Bingham, Nicholas S. ^[1]; Lao, Yuyang ^[3]; Gilbert, Ian ^[4]; Sklenar, Joseph ^[5];

^[6]; Ramberger, Justin ^[6]; Bromley, Daniel ^[7];

^[8];

^[7];

^[6];

^[2];

^[9]

Yale Univ., New Haven, CT (United States)
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)
Seagate Technology, Shakopee, MN (United States); Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)
Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States); Wayne State Univ., Detroit, MI (United States)
Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (United States)
Univ. of Liverpool (United Kingdom)
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Yale Univ., New Haven, CT (United States); Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)

Long-range ordering is typically associated with a decrease in entropy. Yet, it can also be driven by increasing entropy in certain special cases. Here we demonstrate that artificial spin-ice arrays of single-domain nanomagnets can be designed to produce such entropy-driven order. We focus on the tetris artificial spin-ice structure, a highly frustrated array geometry with a zero-point Pauling entropy, which is formed by selectively creating regular vacancies on the canonical square ice lattice. We probe thermally active tetris artificial spin ice both experimentally and through simulations, measuring the magnetic moments of the individual nanomagnets. Furthermore, we find two-dimensional magnetic ordering in one subset of these moments, which we demonstrate to be induced by disorder (that is, increased entropy) in another subset of the moments. In contrast with other entropy-driven systems, the discrete degrees of freedom in tetris artificial spin ice are binary and are both designable and directly observable at the microscale, and the entropy of the system is precisely calculable in simulations. This example, in which the system’s interactions and ground-state entropy are well defined, expands the experimental landscape for the study of entropy-driven ordering.

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Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division; USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: 89233218CNA000001; SC0010778; SC0020162; AC02-05CH11231; DMR-1807124; DMR-2103711

OSTI ID:: 1868311

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-22-21456

Journal Information:: Nature Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 6; ISSN 1745-2473

Publisher:: Nature Publishing Group (NPG)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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