Field-Tunable Interactions and Frustration in Underlayer-Mediated Artificial Spin Ice

Kempinger, Susan; Huang, Yu-Sheng; Lammert, Paul; Vogel, Michael; Hoffmann, Axel; Crespi, Vincent H.; Schiffer, Peter; Samarth, Nitin

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.127.117203

Title: Field-Tunable Interactions and Frustration in Underlayer-Mediated Artificial Spin Ice

Journal Article · Fri Sep 10 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Physical Review Letters

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.127.117203· OSTI ID:1851434

^[1]; Huang, Yu-Sheng ^[2]; Lammert, Paul ^[2]; Vogel, Michael ^[3]; Hoffmann, Axel ^[4]; Crespi, Vincent H. ^[2]; Schiffer, Peter ^[5];

^[2]

Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States); North Central College, Naperville, IL (United States)
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)
Univ. of Kassel (Germany)
Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)
Yale Univ., New Haven, CT (United States)

We report that artificial spin ice systems have opened experimental windows into a range of model magnetic systems through the control of interactions among nanomagnet moments. This control has previously been enabled by altering the nanomagnet size and the geometry of their placement. Here we demonstrate that the interactions in artificial spin ice can be further controlled by including a soft ferromagnetic underlayer below the moments. Such a substrate also breaks the symmetry in the array when magnetized, introducing a directional component to the correlations. Using spatially resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect microscopy to image the demagnetized ground states, we show that the correlation of the demagnetized states depends on the direction of the underlayer magnetization. Further, the relative interaction strength of nearest and next-nearest neighbors varies significantly with the array geometry. We exploit this feature to induce frustration in an inherently unfrustrated square lattice geometry, demonstrating new possibilities for effective geometries in two-dimensional nanomagnetic systems.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States); Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Yale Univ., New Haven, CT (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0010778; AC02-06CH11357; SC0020162; DMR-1420620

OSTI ID:: 1851434

Journal Information:: Physical Review Letters, Vol. 127, Issue 11; ISSN 0031-9007

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (35)

Direct observation and control of magnetic monopole defects in an artificial spin-ice material Ladak, S.; Read, D. E.; Branford, W. R. New Journal of Physics, Vol. 13, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/13/6/063032	journal	June 2011
Permalloy thin films exchange coupled to arrays of cobalt islands Fraile Rodríguez, A.; Heyderman, L. J.; Nolting, F. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 89, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2357007	journal	October 2006
Micromagnetics of a soft underlayer Litvinov, D.; Chomko, R. M.; Abelmann, L. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 36, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1109/20.908481	journal	January 2000
The design and verification of MuMax3 Vansteenkiste, Arne; Leliaert, Jonathan; Dvornik, Mykola AIP Advances, Vol. 4, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4899186	journal	October 2014
Location of the Potts-critical end point in the frustrated Ising model on the square lattice Kalz, Ansgar; Honecker, Andreas Physical Review B, Vol. 86, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.86.134410	journal	October 2012
Chirally coupled nanomagnets Luo, Zhaochu; Dao, Trong Phuong; Hrabec, Aleš Science, Vol. 363, Issue 6434 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aau7913	journal	March 2019
Advances in artificial spin ice Skjærvø, Sandra H.; Marrows, Christopher H.; Stamps, Robert L. Nature Reviews Physics, Vol. 2, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s42254-019-0118-3	journal	November 2019
Real-space observation of emergent magnetic monopoles and associated Dirac strings in artificial kagome spin ice Mengotti, Elena; Heyderman, Laura J.; Rodríguez, Arantxa Fraile Nature Physics, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys1794	journal	October 2010
Interface-induced phenomena in magnetism Hellman, Frances; Hoffmann, Axel; Tserkovnyak, Yaroslav Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 89, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.89.025006	journal	June 2017
Extensive degeneracy, Coulomb phase and magnetic monopoles in artificial square ice Perrin, Yann; Canals, Benjamin; Rougemaille, Nicolas Nature, Vol. 540, Issue 7633 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature20155	journal	November 2016
Perpendicular Magnetization and Generic Realization of the Ising Model in Artificial Spin Ice Zhang, Sheng; Li, Jie; Gilbert, Ian Physical Review Letters, Vol. 109, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.087201	journal	August 2012
Artificial ‘spin ice’ in a geometrically frustrated lattice of nanoscale ferromagnetic islands Wang, R. F.; Nisoli, C.; Freitas, R. S. Nature, Vol. 439, Issue 7074 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04447	journal	January 2006
Thermal fluctuations in artificial spin ice Kapaklis, Vassilios; Arnalds, Unnar B.; Farhan, Alan Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 9, Issue 7, p. 514-519 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2014.104	journal	June 2014
First-order phase transitions in the Ising square lattice with first- and second-neighbor interactions Morán-López, J. L.; Aguilera-Granja, F.; Sanchez, J. M. Physical Review B, Vol. 48, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.48.3519	journal	August 1993
Phase transitions in the Ising square lattice with next-nearest-neighbor interactions Landau, D. Physical Review B, Vol. 21, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.21.1285	journal	February 1980
Complex spin configurations in hybrid magnetic multilayer structures due to mutual spin imprinting Bryan, Matthew T.; Heldt, Georg; Thomson, Thomas Physical Review B, Vol. 94, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.94.104415	journal	September 2016
Tailoring Spin-Wave Channels in a Reconfigurable Artificial Spin Ice Iacocca, Ezio; Gliga, Sebastian; Heinonen, Olle G. Physical Review Applied, Vol. 13, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.13.044047	journal	April 2020
Dipolar energy states in clusters of perpendicular magnetic nanoislands Mengotti, E.; Heyderman, L. J.; Bisig, A. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 105, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3133202	journal	June 2009
Magnetic monopole and string excitations in two-dimensional spin ice Mól, L. A.; Silva, R. L.; Silva, R. C. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 106, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3224870	journal	September 2009
Characterization of switching field distributions in Ising-like magnetic arrays Fraleigh, Robert D.; Kempinger, Susan; Lammert, Paul E. Physical Review B, Vol. 95, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.95.144416	journal	April 2017
Ising model on a square lattice with second-neighbor and third-neighbor interactions Kassan-Ogly, F. A.; Murtazaev, A. K.; Zhuravlev, A. K. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 384 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2015.02.030	journal	June 2015
Phase diagram of the Ising square lattice with competing interactions Kalz, A.; Honecker, A.; Fuchs, S. The European Physical Journal B, Vol. 65, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2008-00359-6	journal	October 2008
Periodic magnetic domain wall pinning in an ultrathin film with perpendicular anisotropy generated by the stray magnetic field of a ferromagnetic nanodot array Metaxas, P. J.; Zermatten, P. -J.; Jamet, J. -P. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 94, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3105988	journal	March 2009
Exploring hyper-cubic energy landscapes in thermally active finite artificial spin-ice systems Farhan, A.; Derlet, P. M.; Kleibert, A. Nature Physics, Vol. 9, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys2613	journal	May 2013
Micromagnetic perpendicular recording model: soft magnetic underlayer and skew effect van Ek, Jan; Shukh, Alex; Murdock, Ed Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 235, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-8853(01)00398-5	journal	October 2001
Topological frustration of artificial spin ice Drisko, Jasper; Marsh, Thomas; Cumings, John Nature Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14009	journal	January 2017
Artificial ferroic systems: novel functionality from structure, interactions and dynamics Heyderman, L. J.; Stamps, R. L. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 25, Issue 36 https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/25/36/363201	journal	August 2013
Nonuniversality of artificial frustrated spin systems Chioar, I. A.; Rougemaille, N.; Grimm, A. Physical Review B, Vol. 90, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.90.064411	journal	August 2014
Accessing low-energy magnetic microstates in square artificial spin ice vertices of broken symmetry in static magnetic field Keswani, Neeti; Singh, Ranveer; Nakajima, Yoshikata Physical Review B, Vol. 102, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.102.224436	journal	December 2020
Analysis of the phase transition for the Ising model on the frustrated square lattice Kalz, Ansgar; Honecker, Andreas; Moliner, Marion Physical Review B, Vol. 84, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.84.174407	journal	November 2011
Deliberate exotic magnetism via frustration and topology Nisoli, Cristiano; Kapaklis, Vassilios; Schiffer, Peter Nature Physics, Vol. 13, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys4059	journal	March 2017
Configurable Artificial Spin Ice with Site-Specific Local Magnetic Fields Parakkat, Vineeth Mohanan; Macauley, Gavin M.; Stamps, Robert L. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 126, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.017203	journal	January 2021
Emergent magnetic monopole dynamics in macroscopically degenerate artificial spin ice Farhan, Alan; Saccone, Michael; Petersen, Charlotte F. Science Advances, Vol. 5, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav6380	journal	February 2019
Imaging the stochastic microstructure and dynamic development of correlations in perpendicular artificial spin ice Kempinger, Susan; Fraleigh, Robert D.; Lammert, Paul E. Physical Review Research, Vol. 2, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.2.012001	journal	January 2020
Artificial spin ice: Paths forward Schiffer, Peter; Nisoli, Cristiano Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 118, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0044790	journal	March 2021

Similar Records

String Phase in an Artificial Spin Ice

Journal Article · Thu Nov 11 00:00:00 EST 2021 · Nature Communications · OSTI ID:1851434

Zhang, Xiaoyu; Duzgun, Ayhan; Lao, Yuyang; +13 more

Entropy-driven order in an array of nanomagnets

Journal Article · Thu Apr 07 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Nature Physics · OSTI ID:1851434

Saglam, Hilal; Duzgun, Ayhan; Kargioti, Aikaterini; +14 more

Artificial Magnetic Tripod Ice

Journal Article · Tue Sep 19 00:00:00 EDT 2023 · Physical Review Letters · OSTI ID:1851434

Zhang, Xiaoyu; Chioar, Ioan-Augustin; Fitez, Grant; +7 more

Related Subjects

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS
GENERAL PHYSICS
magnetism
magneto-optical Kerr effect
spin ice

Title: Field-Tunable Interactions and Frustration in Underlayer-Mediated Artificial Spin Ice

Citation Formats

References (35)

Similar Records

Related Subjects