String Phase in an Artificial Spin Ice

Zhang, Xiaoyu; Duzgun, Ayhan; Lao, Yuyang; Subzwari, Shayaan; Bingham, Nicholas S.; Sklenar, Joseph; Saglam, Hilal; Ramberger, Justin; Batley, Joseph T.; Watts, Justin D.; Bromley, Daniel; Chopdekar, Rajesh V.; O’Brien, Liam; Leighton, Chris; Nisoli, Cristiano; Schiffer, Peter

doi:10.1038/s41467-021-26734-6

Title: String Phase in an Artificial Spin Ice

Journal Article · Thu Nov 11 00:00:00 EST 2021 · Nature Communications

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26734-6· OSTI ID:1829909

Zhang, Xiaoyu; Duzgun, Ayhan; Lao, Yuyang;

; Bingham, Nicholas S.; Sklenar, Joseph; Saglam, Hilal; Ramberger, Justin; Batley, Joseph T.;

;

Abstract One-dimensional strings of local excitations are a fascinating feature of the physical behavior of strongly correlated topological quantum matter. Here we study strings of local excitations in a classical system of interacting nanomagnets, the Santa Fe Ice geometry of artificial spin ice. We measured the moment configuration of the nanomagnets, both after annealing near the ferromagnetic Curie point and in a thermally dynamic state. While the Santa Fe Ice lattice structure is complex, we demonstrate that its disordered magnetic state is naturally described within a framework of emergent strings. We show experimentally that the string length follows a simple Boltzmann distribution with an energy scale that is associated with the system’s magnetic interactions and is consistent with theoretical predictions. The results demonstrate that string descriptions and associated topological characteristics are not unique to quantum models but can also provide a simplifying description of complex classical systems with non-trivial frustration.

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Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division; National Science Foundation (NSF); UK Royal Society

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0020162; 89233218CNA000001; SC0010778; DMR-1807124; DMR-2103711; RGS\R2\180208

OSTI ID:: 1829909

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1841924

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-20-24782; 6514; PII: 26734

Journal Information:: Nature Communications, Journal Name: Nature Communications Vol. 12 Journal Issue: 1; ISSN 2041-1723

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

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