Reaction pathway analysis of (AgxCu1-x)(In0.75Ga0.25)Se2 with x = 0.75 and 1.0

Soltanmohammad, Sina; Shafarman, William N.

doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2017.12.023

Reaction pathway analysis of (Ag_xCu_1-x)(In_0.75Ga_0.25)Se₂ with x = 0.75 and 1.0

Journal Article · Wed Aug 01 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2017.12.023· OSTI ID:1780904

Soltanmohammad, Sina ^[1]; ^[2]

Univ. of Delaware, Newark, DE (United States). Institute of Energy Conversion; University of Delaware
Univ. of Delaware, Newark, DE (United States). Institute of Energy Conversion

Reaction pathways during formation of Ag(In_0.75Ga_0.25)Se₂ films were investigated by ex-situ characterization of time-progressive reactions using rapid thermal processing at 450 °C under 5% Ar/H₂Se atmosphere. Composition measurements using energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) show that with Ag/(Ag+Cu) = 1.0, Ga grading and Se uptake occur gradually up to 20 min. With 7 min reaction, there was no sign of a AgInSe₂ phase and only a Ag(In,Ga)₅Se₈ chalcogenide phase formed. The reaction was completed with formation of Ag(In,Ga)Se₂ and Ag(In,Ga)₅Se₈ within 20 min. The addition of Cu to the precursor so that Ag/(Ag+Cu) = 0.75 speeds up the reaction and reduces the formation of the Ag(In,Ga)₅Se₈ phase. EDS and XRF analyses indicated that Ga grading and Se uptake were completed after 10 min. XRD analysis also shows formation of CuInSe₂ on the surface of the sample with Cu after 3.5 min reaction prior to other chalcogenide formation. On the other hand, a strong Ag(In,Ga)Se₂ (112) XRD peak appeared after 5 min reaction compared to 10 min reaction for 100% Ag films. EDS and Raman scattering measurements on the back-side of the films after delamination from the substrate indicated that Ga accumulated in AgGaSe₂ and Ga-Se phases at the back-side of films after 45 min reaction. XRD analysis showed that Ag tends to stay in the stable ζ-Ag₃(In,Ga) phase during the reaction with Ag/(Ag+Cu) = 1.0, but not with 0.75, and this causes the longer reaction time and the non-uniformity.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Univ. of Delaware, Newark, DE (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Renewable Power Office. Solar Energy Technologies Office

Grant/Contract Number:: EE0005407; EE0007542

OSTI ID:: 1780904

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1538850
OSTI ID: 1591686

Journal Information:: Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Journal Name: Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells Vol. 182; ISSN 0927-0248

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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