From Defects to Degradation: A Mechanistic Understanding of Degradation in Perovskite Solar Cell Devices and Modules

Dunfield, Sean P.; Bliss, Lyle; Zhang, Fei; Luther, Joseph M.; Zhu, Kai; Hest, Maikel M.; Reese, Matthew O.; Berry, Joseph J.

doi:10.1002/aenm.201904054

Title: From Defects to Degradation: A Mechanistic Understanding of Degradation in Perovskite Solar Cell Devices and Modules

Journal Article · Sun Mar 01 00:00:00 EST 2020 · Advanced Energy Materials

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201904054· OSTI ID:1660077

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Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States); National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States). Renewable and Sustainable Energy Inst.
National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States). Renewable and Sustainable Energy Inst.

Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have risen in efficiency from just 3.81% in 2009 to over 25.2% today. While metal halide perovskites have excelled in efficiency, advances in stability are significantly more complex and have progressed more slowly. The advance of efficiency, which is readily measured, over stability, which can require literally thousands of hours to demonstrate, is to be expected given the rapid rate of innovation in the field. In the face of changing absorber composition, synthetic approaches, and device stack components it is necessary to understand basic material properties to rationalize how to enable stability in devices. In this article the aim is to present an in-depth review of the current understanding of metal halide perovskite devices and module stability by focusing on what is known retarding intrinsic and extrinsic degradation mechanisms at the material, device, and module level. Once these considerations are presented the discussion then moves to connecting different degradation mechanisms to stresses anticipated in operation and how they can impact efficiency of cells and ultimately modules over time.

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Research Organization:: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308; FOA‐0000990; DE‐AC36‐08GO28308; DE‐FOA‐0000990

OSTI ID:: 1660077

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1602311

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA-5K00-75929; MainId:7055; UUID:ec0b4d58-e23e-ea11-9c2f-ac162d87dfe5; MainAdminID:14056

Journal Information:: Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 10, Issue 26; ISSN 1614-6832

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 177 works

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Encapsulating perovskite solar cells to withstand damp heat and thermal cycling Cheacharoen, Rongrong; Boyd, Caleb C.; Burkhard, George F. Sustainable Energy & Fuels, Vol. 2, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1039/C8SE00250A	journal	January 2018
Low-Temperature Atomic Layer Deposition of Metal Oxide Layers for Perovskite Solar Cells with High Efficiency and Stability under Harsh Environmental Conditions Lv, Yifan; Xu, Piaohan; Ren, Guoqi ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 10, Issue 28 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b07346	journal	June 2018
Ultrahigh Durability Perovskite Solar Cells Wu, Congcong; Wang, Kai; Feng, Xu Nano Letters, Vol. 19, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04778	journal	January 2019
Improved stability and efficiency of perovskite solar cells with submicron flexible barrier films deposited in air Rolston, Nicholas; Printz, Adam D.; Hilt, Florian Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 5, Issue 44 https://doi.org/10.1039/C7TA09178H	journal	January 2017
Enhancing Moisture and Water Resistance in Perovskite Solar Cells by Encapsulation with Ultrathin Plasma Polymers Idígoras, Jesús; Aparicio, Francisco J.; Contreras-Bernal, Lidia ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 10, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b17824	journal	March 2018
Outdoor performance monitoring of perovskite solar cell mini-modules: Diurnal performance, observance of reversible degradation and variation with climatic performance Stoichkov, V.; Bristow, N.; Troughton, J. Solar Energy, Vol. 170 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2018.05.086	journal	August 2018
Reverse Bias Behavior of Halide Perovskite Solar Cells Bowring, Andrea R.; Bertoluzzi, Luca; O'Regan, Brian C. Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201702365	journal	December 2017
Effect of Cation Composition on the Mechanical Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells Rolston, Nicholas; Printz, Adam D.; Tracy, Jared M. Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201702116	journal	December 2017
Mechanical integrity of solution-processed perovskite solar cells Rolston, Nicholas; Watson, Brian L.; Bailie, Colin D. Extreme Mechanics Letters, Vol. 9 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eml.2016.06.006	journal	December 2016
Potential-induced degradation in photovoltaic modules: a critical review Luo, Wei; Khoo, Yong Sheng; Hacke, Peter Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1039/C6EE02271E	journal	January 2017
Two-Dimensional Material Interface Engineering for Efficient Perovskite Large-Area Modules Agresti, Antonio; Pescetelli, Sara; Palma, Alessandro Lorenzo ACS Energy Letters, Vol. 4, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.9b01151	journal	June 2019
Solar cell efficiency tables (Version 53) Green, Martin A.; Hishikawa, Yoshihiro; Dunlop, Ewan D. Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, Vol. 27, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3102	journal	December 2018
Perovskite ink with wide processing window for scalable high-efficiency solar cells Yang, Mengjin; Li, Zhen; Reese, Matthew O. Nature Energy, Vol. 2, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1038/nenergy.2017.38	journal	March 2017
Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Modules by Scalable Fabrication and Interconnection Optimization Yang, Mengjin; Kim, Dong Hoe; Klein, Talysa R. ACS Energy Letters, Vol. 3, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.7b01221	journal	January 2018
Efficient Perovskite Solar Cell Modules with High Stability Enabled by Iodide Diffusion Barriers Bi, Enbing; Tang, Wentao; Chen, Han Joule, Vol. 3, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2019.07.030	journal	November 2019
High-efficiency large-area perovskite photovoltaic modules achieved via electrochemically assembled metal-filamentary nanoelectrodes Hong, Soonil; Lee, Jinho; Kang, Hongkyu Science Advances, Vol. 4, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aat3604	journal	August 2018
One-Year stable perovskite solar cells by 2D/3D interface engineering Grancini, G.; Roldán-Carmona, C.; Zimmermann, I. Nature Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15684	journal	June 2017
Stable Large-Area (10 × 10 cm ² ) Printable Mesoscopic Perovskite Module Exceeding 10% Efficiency Hu, Yue; Si, Si; Mei, Anyi Solar RRL, Vol. 1, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.201600019	journal	January 2017
A large area (70 cm ² ) monolithic perovskite solar module with a high efficiency and stability Priyadarshi, Anish; Haur, Lew Jia; Murray, Paul Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 9, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1039/C6EE02693A	journal	January 2016
Outdoor Performance and Stability under Elevated Temperatures and Long-Term Light Soaking of Triple-Layer Mesoporous Perovskite Photovoltaics Li, Xiong; Tschumi, Manuel; Han, Hongwei Energy Technology, Vol. 3, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.201500045	journal	May 2015
Outdoor Measurement and Modeling of Perovskite Module Temperatures Gehlhaar, Robert; Merckx, Tamara; Qiu, Weiming Global Challenges, Vol. 2, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.201800008	journal	May 2018
Temperature Variation-Induced Performance Decline of Perovskite Solar Cells Schwenzer, Jonas A.; Rakocevic, Lucija; Gehlhaar, Robert ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 10, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b01033	journal	April 2018
Reconsidering figures of merit for performance and stability of perovskite photovoltaics Khenkin, Mark V.; K. M., Anoop; Visoly-Fisher, Iris Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 11, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1039/C7EE02956J	journal	January 2018
Performance of perovskite solar cells under simulated temperature-illumination real-world operating conditions Tress, Wolfgang; Domanski, Konrad; Carlsen, Brian Nature Energy, Vol. 4, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-019-0400-8	journal	June 2019
A full overview of international standards assessing the long-term stability of perovskite solar cells Holzhey, Philippe; Saliba, Michael Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 44 https://doi.org/10.1039/C8TA06950F	journal	January 2018
History of accelerated and qualification testing of terrestrial photovoltaic modules: A literature review Osterwald, C. R.; McMahon, T. J. Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, Vol. 17, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.861	journal	January 2009
Consensus statement for stability assessment and reporting for perovskite photovoltaics based on ISOS procedures Khenkin, Mark V.; Katz, Eugene A.; Abate, Antonio Nature Energy, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-019-0529-5	journal	January 2020

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