A multi-modal sweat sensing patch for cross-verification of sweat rate, total ionic charge, and Na+ concentration

Yuan, Zhen; Hou, Lei; Bariya, Mallika; Nyein, Hnin Yin Yin; Tai, Li-Chia; Ji, Wenbo; Li, Lu; Javey, Ali

doi:10.1039/c9lc00598f

A multi-modal sweat sensing patch for cross-verification of sweat rate, total ionic charge, and Na⁺ concentration

Journal Article · Mon Aug 19 00:00:00 EDT 2019 · Lab on a Chip

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1039/c9lc00598f· OSTI ID:1638996

Yuan, Zhen ^[1]; Hou, Lei ^[1]; ^[1]; Nyein, Hnin Yin Yin ^[1]; Tai, Li-Chia ^[1]; Ji, Wenbo ^[1]; Li, Lu ^[1]; Javey, Ali ^[1]

Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences and Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center; Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Materials Sciences Division

Sweat sensors introduced in recent years have targeted a variety of sweat features and biomarkers for non-invasive health monitoring. Amongst these targets, reliable monitoring of sweat rate is crucial due to its modulation of sweat analyte concentrations and its intrinsic significance to numerous medical and physiological health conditions. In this paper, we present a sweat rate sensor structure comprising of electrodes with interdigitated fingers in a microfluidic channel. Each time the accumulating sweat impinges on an electrode finger, the sensor reports a jump in admittance that can be simply and efficiently counted to estimate sweat rate, overcoming selectivity limitations of previously reported sweat rate sensors. We further integrate an impedimetric sensor for measuring total ionic charge concentration and an electrochemical Na⁺ sensor, together creating a multi-modal system for analyzing fluid and electrolyte secretion. We demonstrate how low analyte diffusion rates through this microfluidic device allow for multi-purpose sensor function, including utilizing the sweat rate sensor signal to corroborate total ionic sensor measurements. This cross-verification capability ensures data integrity in real time, satisfying a vital consideration for personalized healthcare technologies. We use the presented patch for continuous analysis of sweat rate, total ionic charge concentration, and Na⁺ concentration during exercise, while demonstrating how multi-modal cross-verification brings new trust to sensor readings.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 1638996

Journal Information:: Lab on a Chip, Journal Name: Lab on a Chip Journal Issue: 19 Vol. 19; ISSN 1473-0197

Publisher:: Royal Society of ChemistryCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (30)

Toward Flexible and Wearable Human-Interactive Health-Monitoring Devices Takei, Kuniharu; Honda, Wataru; Harada, Shingo Advanced Healthcare Materials, Vol. 4, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.201400546	journal	November 2014
Printed Carbon Nanotube Electronics and Sensor Systems Chen, Kevin; Gao, Wei; Emaminejad, Sam Advanced Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201504958	journal	February 2016
Methylxanthine Drug Monitoring with Wearable Sweat Sensors Tai, Li-Chia; Gao, Wei; Chao, Minghan Advanced Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201707442	journal	April 2018
Application of 3D Printing for Smart Objects with Embedded Electronic Sensors and Systems Ota, Hiroki; Emaminejad, Sam; Gao, Yuji Advanced Materials Technologies, Vol. 1, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.201600013	journal	March 2016
Soft, Skin-Interfaced Microfluidic Systems with Wireless, Battery-Free Electronics for Digital, Real-Time Tracking of Sweat Loss and Electrolyte Composition Kim, Sung Bong; Lee, KunHyuck; Raj, Milan S. Small, Vol. 14, Issue 45 https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201802876	journal	October 2018
Studies of salt excretion in sweat Gibson, Lewis E.; di Sant'Agnese, Paul A. The Journal of Pediatrics, Vol. 62, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3476(63)80099-2	journal	June 1963
Epidermal tattoo potentiometric sodium sensors with wireless signal transduction for continuous non-invasive sweat monitoring Bandodkar, Amay J.; Molinnus, Denise; Mirza, Omar Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Vol. 54 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2013.11.039	journal	April 2014
A Wearable Electrochemical Platform for Noninvasive Simultaneous Monitoring of Ca ²⁺ and pH Nyein, Hnin Yin Yin; Gao, Wei; Shahpar, Ziba ACS Nano, Vol. 10, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.6b04005	journal	July 2016
Roll-to-Roll Gravure Printed Electrochemical Sensors for Wearable and Medical Devices Bariya, Mallika; Shahpar, Ziba; Park, Hyejin ACS Nano, Vol. 12, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.8b02505	journal	June 2018
Wearable Microsensor Array for Multiplexed Heavy Metal Monitoring of Body Fluids Gao, Wei; Nyein, Hnin Y. Y.; Shahpar, Ziba ACS Sensors, Vol. 1, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.6b00287	journal	May 2016
A Wearable Microfluidic Sensing Patch for Dynamic Sweat Secretion Analysis Nyein, Hnin Yin Yin; Tai, Li-Chia; Ngo, Quynh Phuong ACS Sensors, Vol. 3, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.7b00961	journal	May 2018
Fully integrated wearable sensor arrays for multiplexed in situ perspiration analysis Gao, Wei; Emaminejad, Sam; Nyein, Hnin Yin Yin Nature, Vol. 529, Issue 7587 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature16521	journal	January 2016
Flexible polymer transistors with high pressure sensitivity for application in electronic skin and health monitoring Schwartz, Gregor; Tee, Benjamin C. -K.; Mei, Jianguo Nature Communications, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms2832	journal	May 2013
Highly deformable liquid-state heterojunction sensors Ota, Hiroki; Chen, Kevin; Lin, Yongjing Nature Communications, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms6032	journal	September 2014
Dissolvable films of silk fibroin for ultrathin conformal bio-integrated electronics Kim, Dae-Hyeong; Viventi, Jonathan; Amsden, Jason J. Nature Materials, Vol. 9, Issue 6, p. 511-517 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2745	journal	April 2010
Pursuing prosthetic electronic skin Chortos, Alex; Liu, Jia; Bao, Zhenan Nature Materials, Vol. 15, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4671	journal	July 2016
Wearable sweat sensors Bariya, Mallika; Nyein, Hnin Yin Yin; Javey, Ali Nature Electronics, Vol. 1, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41928-018-0043-y	journal	March 2018
A wearable electrochemical sensor for the real-time measurement of sweat sodium concentration Schazmann, Benjamin; Morris, Deirdre; Slater, Conor Analytical Methods, Vol. 2, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1039/b9ay00184k	journal	January 2010
The microfluidics of the eccrine sweat gland, including biomarker partitioning, transport, and biosensing implications Sonner, Z.; Wilder, E.; Heikenfeld, J. Biomicrofluidics, Vol. 9, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4921039	journal	May 2015
Acute effects of dehydration on sweat composition in men during prolonged exercise in the heat Morgan, R. M.; Patterson, M. J.; Nimmo, M. A. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, Vol. 182, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-201X.2004.01305.x	journal	September 2004
Effects of oral salt supplementation on physical performance during a half-ironman: A randomized controlled trial: Salt supplementation during triathlon races Del Coso, J.; González-Millán, C.; Salinero, J. J. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, Vol. 26, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12427	journal	February 2015
Sweat Mineral-Element Responses during 7 h of Exercise-Heat Stress Montain, Scott J.; Cheuvront, Samuel N.; Lukaski, Henry C. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, Vol. 17, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.17.6.574	journal	December 2007
Materials and Mechanics for Stretchable Electronics Rogers, J. A.; Someya, T.; Huang, Y. Science, Vol. 327, Issue 5973, p. 1603-1607 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1182383	journal	March 2010
Epidermal Electronics Kim, D.-H.; Lu, N.; Ma, R. Science, Vol. 333, Issue 6044, p. 838-843 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1206157	journal	August 2011
Soft Microfluidic Assemblies of Sensors, Circuits, and Radios for the Skin Xu, Sheng; Zhang, Yihui; Jia, Lin Science, Vol. 344, Issue 6179 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1250169	journal	April 2014
Anaerobic performance when rehydrating with water or commercially available sports drinks during prolonged exercise in the heat Coso, Juan Del; Estevez, Emma; Baquero, Raúl Antonio Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Vol. 33, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1139/H07-188	journal	April 2008
Effects of Dehydration on Exercise Performance Barr, Susan I. Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 24, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1139/h99-014	journal	April 1999
Seven-Year Clinical Surveillance Program Demonstrates Consistent MARD Accuracy Performance of a Blood Glucose Test Strip Setford, Steven; Grady, Mike; Mackintosh, Stephen Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology, Vol. 12, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1177/1932296818776668	journal	May 2018
Sweat Composition in Relation to Rate of Sweating in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis of the Pancreas Emrich, H. M.; Stoll, E.; Friolet, B. Pediatric Research, Vol. 2, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1203/00006450-196811000-00004	journal	November 1968
Asymmetric sweating in stroke: A prospective quantitative study of patients with hemispheral brain infarction Korpelainen, J. T.; Sotaniemi, K. A.; Myllyla, V. V. Neurology, Vol. 43, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.43.6.1211	journal	June 1993

Cited By (1)

Ultra-simple wearable local sweat volume monitoring patch based on swellable hydrogels Zhao, F. J.; Bonmarin, M.; Chen, Z. C. Lab on a Chip, Vol. 20, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9lc00911f	journal	January 2020

Similar Records

A Wearable Microfluidic Sensing Patch for Dynamic Sweat Secretion Analysis

Journal Article · Tue May 08 20:00:00 EDT 2018 · ACS Sensors · OSTI ID:1638976

Regional and correlative sweat analysis using high-throughput microfluidic sensing patches toward decoding sweat

Journal Article · Thu Aug 15 20:00:00 EDT 2019 · Science Advances · OSTI ID:1638993

A wearable patch for continuous analysis of thermoregulatory sweat at rest

Journal Article · Mon Mar 22 20:00:00 EDT 2021 · Nature Communications · OSTI ID:1815944

Related Subjects

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION