Waveguide-Based Biosensors for Pathogen Detection

Mukundan, Harshini; Anderson, Aaron; Grace, W. Kevin; Grace, Karen; Hartman, Nile; Martinez, Jennifer; Swanson, Basil

doi:10.3390/s90705783

Waveguide-Based Biosensors for Pathogen Detection

Journal Article · Wed Jul 01 00:00:00 EDT 2009 · Sensors

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/s90705783· OSTI ID:1628574

Mukundan, Harshini ^[1]; Anderson, Aaron ^[2]; Grace, W. Kevin ^[2]; Grace, Karen ^[3]; Hartman, Nile ^[4]; Martinez, Jennifer ^[5]; Swanson, Basil ^[2]

Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States). Chemistry Division. Physical Chemistry and Applied spectroscopy; DOE/OSTI
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States). Chemistry Division. Physical Chemistry and Applied spectroscopy
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States). Integrated Space Research
nGimat™, Atlanta, GA (United States)
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States). Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT)

Optical phenomena such as fluorescence, phosphorescence, polarization, interference and non-linearity have been extensively used for biosensing applications. Optical waveguides (both planar and fiber-optic) are comprised of a material with high permittivity/high refractive index surrounded on all sides by materials with lower refractive indices, such as a substrate and the media to be sensed. This arrangement allows coupled light to propagate through the high refractive index waveguide by total internal reflection and generates an electromagnetic wave—the evanescent field—whose amplitude decreases exponentially as the distance from the surface increases. Excitation of fluorophores within the evanescent wave allows for sensitive detection while minimizing background fluorescence from complex, “dirty” biological samples. In this review, we will describe the basic principles, advantages and disadvantages of planar optical waveguidebased biodetection technologies. This discussion will include already commercialized technologies (e.g., Corning’s EPIC® Ô, SRU Biosystems’ BIND™, Zeptosense®, etc.) and new technologies that are under research and development. We will also review differing assay approaches for the detection of various biomolecules, as well as the thin-film coatings that are often required for waveguide functionalization and effective detection. Finally, we will discuss reverse-symmetry waveguides, resonant waveguide grating sensors and metal-clad leaky waveguides as alternative signal transducers in optical biosensing.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER). Biological Systems Science Division

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-06NA25396

OSTI ID:: 1628574

Journal Information:: Sensors, Journal Name: Sensors Journal Issue: 7 Vol. 9; ISSN SENSC9; ISSN 1424-8220

Publisher:: MDPI AGCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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