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Cigarette Smoke Toxins Deposited on Surfaces: Implications for Human Health

Journal Article · · PLoS ONE
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  1. University of California, Riverside, CA (United States); DOE/OSTI
  2. University of California, Riverside, CA (United States)
  3. University of California, San Francisco, CA (United States)
  4. San Diego State University, CA (United States)
  5. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
+ Show Author Affiliations
Cigarette smoking remains a significant health threat for smokers and nonsmokers alike. Secondhand smoke (SHS) is intrinsically more toxic than directly inhaled smoke. Recently, a new threat has been discovered – Thirdhand smoke (THS) – the accumulation of SHS on surfaces that ages with time, becoming progressively more toxic. THS is a potential health threat to children, spouses of smokers and workers in environments where smoking is or has been allowed. The goal of this study is to investigate the effects of THS on liver, lung, skin healing, and behavior, using an animal model exposed to THS under conditions that mimic exposure of humans. THS-exposed mice show alterations in multiple organ systems and excrete levels of NNAL (a tobacco-specific carcinogen biomarker) similar to those found in children exposed to SHS (and consequently to THS). In liver, THS leads to increased lipid levels and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, a precursor to cirrhosis and cancer and a potential contributor to cardiovascular disease. In lung, THS stimulates excess collagen production and high levels of inflammatory cytokines, suggesting propensity for fibrosis with implications for inflammation-induced diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. In wounded skin, healing in THS-exposed mice has many characteristics of the poor healing of surgical incisions observed in human smokers. Lastly, behavioral tests show that THS-exposed mice become hyperactive. The latter data, combined with emerging associated behavioral problems in children exposed to SHS/THS, suggest that, with prolonged exposure, they may be at significant risk for developing more severe neurological disorders. These results provide a basis for studies on the toxic effects of THS in humans and inform potential regulatory policies to prevent involuntary exposure to THS.
Research Organization:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
Maternal & Child Health Bureau; National Institutes of Health (NIH); Tobacco Research Disease Related Program (TRDRP); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-05CH11231
OSTI ID:
1627672
Journal Information:
PLoS ONE, Journal Name: PLoS ONE Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 9; ISSN 1932-6203
Publisher:
Public Library of ScienceCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Cited By (18)

Experimental Acute Exposure to Thirdhand Smoke and Changes in the Human Nasal Epithelial Transcriptome journal June 2019
Correction: Corrigendum: Metabolomics reveals metabolic changes in male reproductive cells exposed to thirdhand smoke journal April 2016
Early exposure to thirdhand cigarette smoke affects body mass and the development of immunity in mice journal February 2017
Short-term early exposure to thirdhand cigarette smoke increases lung cancer incidence in mice journal February 2018
Correction to: Cardiovascular Consequences of Childhood Secondhand Tobacco Smoke Exposure: Prevailing Evidence, Burden, and Racial and Socioeconomic Disparities: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association journal October 2016
Liver cirrhosis mortality, alcohol consumption and tobacco consumption over a 62 year period in a high alcohol consumption country: a trend analysis journal December 2015
Biomarkers of Exposure to Secondhand and Thirdhand Tobacco Smoke: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives journal November 2018
Public Facility Utility and Third-Hand Smoking Exposure without First and Second-Hand Smoking According to Urinary Cotinine Level journal March 2019
Household Smoking Status and Heavy Metal Concentrations in Toenails of Children journal October 2019
Adverse Health Effects of Thirdhand Smoke: From Cell to Animal Models journal April 2017
Cigarette Smoke Delays Regeneration of the Olfactory Epithelium in Mice journal March 2016
Biomarkers of disease can be detected in mice as early as 4 weeks after initiation of exposure to third-hand smoke levels equivalent to those found in homes of smokers journal September 2017
Thirdhand Smoke at Philip Morris journal July 2018
Environmental exposures and mechanisms in allergy and asthma development journal February 2019
Contribution of thirdhand smoke to overall tobacco smoke exposure in pediatric patients: study protocol journal May 2019
Thirdhand smoke: when the danger is more than you can see or smell journal November 2016
Asymmetric dimethyl-arginine metabolism in a murine model of cigarette smoke-mediated lung inflammation journal July 2014
rMSIKeyIon: An Ion Filtering R Package for Untargeted Analysis of Metabolomic LDI-MS Images journal August 2019

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Related Subjects

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES
alveoli
animal behavior
children
collagens
fatty liver
mice
smoking habits
smoking related disorders