Soil moisture and other hydrological changes in a stratospheric aerosol geoengineering large ensemble

Cheng, Wei; MacMartin, Douglas; Dagon, Katherine; Kravitz, Benjamin S.; Tilmes, S; Richter, Jadwiga; Mills, Mike; Simpson, Isla

doi:10.1029/2018JD030237

Soil moisture and other hydrological changes in a stratospheric aerosol geoengineering large ensemble

Journal Article · Mon Dec 16 04:00:00 EST 2019 · Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD030237· OSTI ID:1614926

Cheng, Wei ^[1]; MacMartin, Douglas ^[1]; Dagon, Katherine ^[2]; ^[3]; Tilmes, S ^[4]; Richter, Jadwiga ^[5]; Mills, Mike ^[5]; Simpson, Isla ^[6]

Cornell University
NCAR
BATTELLE (PACIFIC NW LAB)
National Center for Atmospheric Research, PO Box 3000-80307,
University Corporation for Atmospheric Research
National Center for Atmospheric Research

Stratospheric sulfate aerosol geoengineering has been proposed as a potential strategy to reduce the impacts of climate change. Here we investigate the impact of stratospheric aerosol geoengineering on the terrestrial hydrological cycle. We use the Geoengineering Large Ensemble (GLENS), which involves a 20-member ensemble of simulations using the Community Earth System Model with the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model, in which sulfur dioxide (SO2) was injected into the stratosphere at four different locations, to maintain global mean surface temperature, and also the interhemispheric and equator-to-pole temperature gradients at values representative of 2020 (“baseline”) under the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5). Under RCP8.5, annual mean land precipitation and evapotranspiration (ET) increase by 12% each. Under GLENS, the hydrological cycle is suppressed compared to the baseline, with end-of-century decreases of 1.4% (12±5 mm year-1) and 3.3% (18±2 mm year-1) in global mean, annual mean precipitation and ET over land, respectively. Geoengineering effectively maintains global mean total column soil moisture, though there is significant regional variability. Summertime soil moisture is reduced by 42±11 kg m-2 (3.5%) and 27±16 kg m-2 (2.1%) in India and the Amazon, respectively, which is dominated by the decrease in precipitation. We also compare these regional changes in soil moisture under GLENS with an equatorial-only SO2 injection case and find a similar sign in residual changes, although the magnitude of the changes is larger in the equatorial run.

Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

DOE Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830

OSTI ID:: 1614926

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA-146268

Journal Information:: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Journal Name: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Journal Issue: 23 Vol. 124

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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