Timescale for Detecting the Climate Response to Stratospheric Aerosol Geoengineering

MacMartin, Douglas G.; Wang, Wenli; Kravitz, Ben; Tilmes, Simone; Richter, Jadwiga H.; Mills, Michael J.

doi:10.1029/2018JD028906

Timescale for Detecting the Climate Response to Stratospheric Aerosol Geoengineering

Journal Article · Sat Feb 02 00:00:00 EST 2019 · Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD028906· OSTI ID:1506693

^[1]; Wang, Wenli ^[2]; ^[3]; ^[4]; ^[5]; ^[4]

Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (United States). Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Beijing Normal Univ., Beijing (China). College of Global Change and Earth System Science
Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States). Atmospheric Science and Global Change Div. (ASGC)
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO (United States). Atmospheric Chemistry
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO (United States). Climate and Global Dynamics Lab.

Stratospheric aerosol geoengineering could be used to maintain global mean temperature despite increased atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations, for example to meet a 1.5C or 2C target. While this might reduce many climate change impacts, the resulting climate would not be the same as one with the same global mean temperature due to lower GHG concentrations. The primary question we consider is how long it would take to detect these differences in a hypothetical deployment. We use a recently available 20-member ensemble of stratospheric sulfate aerosol geoengineering simulations in which SO2 is injected at four different latitudes to maintain not just the global mean temperature, but also the interhemispheric and equator-to-pole gradients. This multiple-latitude strategy better matches the climate changes from increased GHG, while the ensemble allows us both to estimate residual differences even when they are small compared to natural variability, and to estimate the statistics of variability. We first construct a linear emulator to predict the model responses for different scenarios. Under an RCP4.5 scenario in which geoengineering maintains a 1.5C target (providing end-of-century cooling of 1.7C), the change in global mean precipitation is projected to have a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) greater than one after only 11 years. However, in this scenario, the projected temperature and precipitation changes at a grid-scale are typically small enough that in many regions this threshold is still not reached by the end of this century. These results provide some context for the projected magnitude of climate-changes associated with a limited deployment of stratospheric aerosol cooling.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830

OSTI ID:: 1506693

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA-134487

Journal Information:: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Journal Name: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Journal Issue: 3 Vol. 124; ISSN 2169-897X

Publisher:: American Geophysical UnionCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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