Investigating the Effects of Chemical Gradients on Performance and Reliability within Perovskite Solar Cells with TOF-SIMS

Harvey, Steven P.; Messinger, Jonah; Zhu, Kai; Luther, Joseph M.; Berry, Joseph J.

doi:10.1002/aenm.201903674

Title: Investigating the Effects of Chemical Gradients on Performance and Reliability within Perovskite Solar Cells with TOF-SIMS

Journal Article · Mon Feb 24 00:00:00 EST 2020 · Advanced Energy Materials

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201903674· OSTI ID:1603928

^[1]; Messinger, Jonah ^[2]; Zhu, Kai ^[1];

^[1]; Berry, Joseph J. ^[1]

National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)

Time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS), a powerful analytical technique sensitive to all components of perovskite solar cell (PSC) materials, can differentiate between the various organic species within a PSC absorber or a complete device stack. The ability to probe chemical gradients through the depth of a device (both organic and inorganic), with down to 100 nm lateral resolution, can lead to unique insights into the relationships between chemistry in the absorber bulk, at grain boundaries, and at interfaces as well as how they relate to changes in performance and/or stability. In this essay, the technique is described; then, from the literature, several examples of how TOF-SIMS have been used to provide unique insight into PSC absorbers and devices are covered. Finally, the common artifacts that can be introduced if the data are improperly collected, as well as methods to mitigate these artifacts are discussed.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

View Accepted Manuscript (Publisher)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Renewable Power Office. Solar Energy Technologies Office

Grant/Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308

OSTI ID:: 1603928

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1638393

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA-5K00-75344; MainId:12547; UUID:135ea137-45ff-e911-9c29-ac162d87dfe5; MainAdminID:1027

Journal Information:: Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 10, Issue 26; ISSN 1614-6832

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 40 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (58)

Suppressed Ion Migration in Reduced-Dimensional Perovskites Improves Operating Stability Huang, Ziru; Proppe, Andrew H.; Tan, Hairen ACS Energy Letters, Vol. 4, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.9b00892	journal	June 2019
Imperfections and their passivation in halide perovskite solar cells Chen, Bo; Rudd, Peter N.; Yang, Shuang Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 48, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1039/C8CS00853A	journal	January 2019
ToF-SIMS Depth Profiling of Organic Delta Layers with Low-Energy Cesium Ions: Depth Resolution Assessment Noël, Céline; Busby, Yan; Mine, Nicolas Journal of The American Society for Mass Spectrometry, Vol. 30, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13361-019-02224-4	journal	May 2019
Argon Cluster Sputtering Source for ToF-SIMS Depth Profiling of Insulating Materials: High Sputter Rate and Accurate Interfacial Information Wang, Zhaoying; Liu, Bingwen; Zhao, Evan W. Journal of The American Society for Mass Spectrometry, Vol. 26, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13361-015-1159-1	journal	May 2015
Tailored interfaces of unencapsulated perovskite solar cells for >1,000 hour operational stability Christians, Jeffrey A.; Schulz, Philip; Tinkham, Jonathan S. Nature Energy, Vol. 3, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-017-0067-y	journal	January 2018
XPS Evidence for Negative Ion Formation in SIMS Depth Profiling of Organic Material with Cesium Wehbe, Nimer; Pireaux, Jean-Jacques; Houssiau, Laurent The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 118, Issue 46 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp501851f	journal	November 2014
The emergence of perovskite solar cells Green, Martin A.; Ho-Baillie, Anita; Snaith, Henry J. Nature Photonics, Vol. 8, Issue 7, p. 506-514 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2014.134	journal	July 2014
Metal halide perovskites for energy applications Zhang, Wei; Eperon, Giles E.; Snaith, Henry J. Nature Energy, Vol. 1, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1038/nenergy.2016.48	journal	May 2016
Addressing the stability issue of perovskite solar cells for commercial applications Meng, Lei; You, Jingbi; Yang, Yang Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07255-1	journal	December 2018
Multi-Analytical Study of Degradation Processes in Perovskite Films for Optoelectronic Applications Travkin, V.; Pakhomov, G.; Yunin, P. Acta Physica Polonica A, Vol. 135, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.12693/APhysPolA.135.1039	journal	May 2019
Organometal Halide Perovskites as Visible-Light Sensitizers for Photovoltaic Cells Kojima, Akihiro; Teshima, Kenjiro; Shirai, Yasuo Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 131, Issue 17, p. 6050-6051 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja809598r	journal	May 2009
Extrinsic ion migration in perovskite solar cells Li, Zhen; Xiao, Chuanxiao; Yang, Ye Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 10, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1039/C7EE00358G	journal	January 2017
Design of low bandgap tin–lead halide perovskite solar cells to achieve thermal, atmospheric and operational stability Prasanna, Rohit; Leijtens, Tomas; Dunfield, Sean P. Nature Energy, Vol. 4, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-019-0471-6	journal	October 2019
Enhanced mobility CsPbI ₃ quantum dot arrays for record-efficiency, high-voltage photovoltaic cells Sanehira, Erin M.; Marshall, Ashley R.; Christians, Jeffrey A. Science Advances, Vol. 3, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aao4204	journal	October 2017
Halide Perovskites: Is It All about the Interfaces? Schulz, Philip; Cahen, David; Kahn, Antoine Chemical Reviews, Vol. 119, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00558	journal	March 2019
ToF-SIMS Depth Profiling of Organic Films: A Comparison between Single-Beam and Dual-Beam Analysis Brison, J.; Muramoto, S.; Castner, David G. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 114, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp9066179	journal	January 2010
Direct Imaging of Current‐Induced Transformation of a Perovskite/Electrode Interface Drozdov, Mikhail N.; Yunin, Pavel A.; Travkin, Vlad V. Advanced Materials Interfaces, Vol. 6, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.201900364	journal	April 2019
Ion-Migration Inhibition by the Cation-π Interaction in Perovskite Materials for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells Wei, Dong; Ma, Fusheng; Wang, Rui Advanced Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 31 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201707583	journal	June 2018
Carrier lifetimes of >1 μs in Sn-Pb perovskites enable efficient all-perovskite tandem solar cells Tong, Jinhui; Song, Zhaoning; Kim, Dong Hoe Science, Vol. 364, Issue 6439 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aav7911	journal	April 2019
Passivation in perovskite solar cells: A review Zhao, Pengjun; Kim, Byeong Jo; Jung, Hyun Suk Materials Today Energy, Vol. 7 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtener.2018.01.004	journal	March 2018
Pinning Down the Anomalous Light Soaking Effect toward High-Performance and Fast-Response Perovskite Solar Cells: The Ion-Migration-Induced Charge Accumulation Zhang, Teng; Cheung, Sin Hang; Meng, Xiangyue The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 8, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b02160	journal	October 2017
Interface and Composition Analysis on Perovskite Solar Cells Matteocci, Fabio; Busby, Yan; Pireaux, Jean-Jacques ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 7, Issue 47 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b08038	journal	November 2015
Review of Novel Passivation Techniques for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells Kim, Jincheol; Ho‐Baillie, Anita; Huang, Shujuan Solar RRL, Vol. 3, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.201800302	journal	February 2019
Lead-free organic–inorganic tin halide perovskites for photovoltaic applications Noel, Nakita K.; Stranks, Samuel D.; Abate, Antonio Energy Environ. Sci., Vol. 7, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1039/C4EE01076K	journal	January 2014
Correlation of annealing time with crystal structure, composition, and electronic properties of CH ₃ NH ₃ PbI _3−x Cl _x mixed-halide perovskite films Ralaiarisoa, Maryline; Busby, Yan; Frisch, Johannes Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 19, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1039/C6CP06347K	journal	January 2017
Highly stable and efficient all-inorganic lead-free perovskite solar cells with native-oxide passivation Chen, Min; Ju, Ming-Gang; Garces, Hector F. Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07951-y	journal	January 2019
Addition of Monovalent Silver Cations to CH ₃ NH ₃ PbBr ₃ Produces Crystallographically Oriented Perovskite Thin Films Siegler, Timothy D.; Zhang, Yangning; Dolocan, Andrei ACS Applied Energy Materials, Vol. 2, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.9b01298	journal	July 2019
Low-temperature solution-processed wavelength-tunable perovskites for lasing Xing, Guichuan; Mathews, Nripan; Lim, Swee Sien Nature Materials, Vol. 13, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3911	journal	March 2014
Cluster secondary ion mass spectrometry of polymers and related materials: CLUSTER SECONDARY ION MASS SPECTROMETRY Mahoney, Christine M. Mass Spectrometry Reviews, Vol. 29, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/mas.20233	journal	May 2009
Hybrid Perovskites Depth Profiling with Variable-Size Argon Clusters and Monatomic Ions Beams Noël, Céline; Pescetelli, Sara; Agresti, Antonio Materials, Vol. 12, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12050726	journal	March 2019
Tailored Phase Transformation of CsPbI ₂ Br Films by Copper(II) Bromide for High-Performance All-Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells Wang, Kai-Li; Wang, Rui; Wang, Zhao-Kui Nano Letters, Vol. 19, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b01553	journal	July 2019
Not All That Glitters Is Gold: Metal-Migration-Induced Degradation in Perovskite Solar Cells Domanski, Konrad; Correa-Baena, Juan-Pablo; Mine, Nicolas ACS Nano, Vol. 10, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.6b02613	journal	May 2016
Targeted Ligand-Exchange Chemistry on Cesium Lead Halide Perovskite Quantum Dots for High-Efficiency Photovoltaics Wheeler, Lance M.; Sanehira, Erin M.; Marshall, Ashley R. Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 140, Issue 33 https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.8b04984	journal	July 2018
Charge-carrier dynamics in vapour-deposited films of the organolead halide perovskite CH ₃ NH ₃ PbI _3−x Cl _x Wehrenfennig, Christian; Liu, Mingzhen; Snaith, Henry J. Energy Environ. Sci., Vol. 7, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1039/C4EE01358A	journal	January 2014
Perovskite Solar Cells: The Birth of a New Era in Photovoltaics Green, Martin A.; Ho-Baillie, Anita ACS Energy Letters, Vol. 2, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00137	journal	March 2017
Bimolecular Additives Improve Wide-Band-Gap Perovskites for Efficient Tandem Solar Cells with CIGS Kim, Dong Hoe; Muzzillo, Christopher P.; Tong, Jinhui Joule, Vol. 3, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2019.04.012	journal	July 2019
Mitigating Measurement Artifacts in TOF-SIMS Analysis of Perovskite Solar Cells Harvey, Steven P.; Zhang, Fei; Palmstrom, Axel ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 11, Issue 34 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b09445	journal	August 2019
Crystalline Liquid-like Behavior: Surface-Induced Secondary Grain Growth of Photovoltaic Perovskite Thin Film Xue, Jingjing; Wang, Rui; Wang, Kai-Li Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 141, Issue 35 https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.9b06940	journal	August 2019
Perovskite solar cells: Stability lies at interfaces Lira-Cantú, Mónica Nature Energy, Vol. 2, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1038/nenergy.2017.115	journal	July 2017
Impact of charge transport layers on the photochemical stability of MAPbI ₃ in thin films and perovskite solar cells Boldyreva, A. G.; Akbulatov, A. F.; Elnaggar, M. Sustainable Energy & Fuels, Vol. 3, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1039/C9SE00493A	journal	January 2019
Insights into operational stability and processing of halide perovskite active layers Schelhas, Laura T.; Li, Zhen; Christians, Jeffrey A. Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 12, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1039/C8EE03051K	journal	January 2019
The Magic of Cluster SIMS Winograd, Nicholas Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 77, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/ac053355f	journal	April 2005
Understanding Degradation Mechanisms and Improving Stability of Perovskite Photovoltaics Boyd, Caleb C.; Cheacharoen, Rongrong; Leijtens, Tomas Chemical Reviews, Vol. 119, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00336	journal	November 2018
Synthesis and Characterization of Organic−Inorganic Perovskite Thin Films Prepared Using a Versatile Two-Step Dipping Technique Liang, Kangning; Mitzi, David B.; Prikas, Michael T. Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 10, Issue 1, p. 403-411 https://doi.org/10.1021/cm970568f	journal	January 1998
Enhancing Efficiency of Perovskite Solar Cells via Surface Passivation with Graphene Oxide Interlayer Li, Hao; Tao, Leiming; Huang, Feihong ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 9, Issue 44 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b10773	journal	October 2017
3D In Situ ToF-SIMS Imaging of Perovskite Films under Controlled Humidity Environmental Conditions Lin, Wei-Chun; Chang, Hsun-Yun; Abbasi, Kevin Advanced Materials Interfaces, Vol. 4, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.201600673	journal	December 2016
Probing Perovskite Inhomogeneity beyond the Surface: TOF-SIMS Analysis of Halide Perovskite Photovoltaic Devices Harvey, Steven P.; Li, Zhen; Christians, Jeffrey A. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 10, Issue 34 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b07937	journal	July 2018
Enhancing charge transport in an organic photoactive layer via vertical component engineering for efficient perovskite/organic integrated solar cells Wang, Chenyun; Bai, Yiming; Guo, Qiang Nanoscale, Vol. 11, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1039/C8NR09467E	journal	January 2019
In situ and real-time ToF-SIMS analysis of light-induced chemical changes in perovskite CH ₃ NH ₃ PbI ₃ Xu, Duo; Hua, Xin; Liu, Shao-Chuang Chemical Communications, Vol. 54, Issue 43 https://doi.org/10.1039/C8CC01606B	journal	January 2018
High efficiency perovskite quantum dot solar cells with charge separating heterostructure Zhao, Qian; Hazarika, Abhijit; Chen, Xihan Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-10856-z	journal	June 2019
Understanding How Ambiance Affects the Performance of Hole-Conductor-Free Perovskite Solar Cells from a Chemical Perspective Xu, Duo; Hua, Xin; Xu, Liang ACS Applied Energy Materials, Vol. 2, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.9b00058	journal	March 2019
Aging effects in interface-engineered perovskite solar cells with 2D nanomaterials: A depth profile analysis Busby, Yan; Agresti, Antonio; Pescetelli, Sara Materials Today Energy, Vol. 9 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtener.2018.04.005	journal	September 2018
Study on the stability of CH ₃ NH ₃ PbI ₃ films and the effect of post-modification by aluminum oxide in all-solid-state hybrid solar cells Niu, Guangda; Li, Wenzhe; Meng, Fanqi J. Mater. Chem. A, Vol. 2, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1039/C3TA13606J	journal	January 2014
High Charge Carrier Mobilities and Lifetimes in Organolead Trihalide Perovskites Wehrenfennig, Christian; Eperon, Giles E.; Johnston, Michael B. Advanced Materials, Vol. 26, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201305172	journal	December 2013
Efficiently Improving the Stability of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells by Employing Polyethylenimine-Modified Carbon Nanotubes as Electrodes Zhou, Yu; Yin, Xuewen; Luo, Qiang ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 10, Issue 37 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b10253	journal	August 2018
Transamidation of dimethylformamide during alkylammonium lead triiodide film formation for perovskite solar cells Lee, Michael V.; Raga, Sonia R.; Kato, Yuichi Journal of Materials Research, Vol. 32, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2016.272	journal	July 2016
Effect of Electron-Transport Material on Light-Induced Degradation of Inverted Planar Junction Perovskite Solar Cells Akbulatov, Azat F.; Frolova, Lyubov A.; Griffin, Monroe P. Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201700476	journal	June 2017
Profiling the organic cation-dependent degradation of organolead halide perovskite solar cells Zhang, Teng; Meng, Xiangyue; Bai, Yang Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 5, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1039/C6TA09687E	journal	January 2017

Similar Records

Understanding Measurement Artifacts Causing Inherent Cation Gradients in Depth Profiles of Perovskite Photovoltaics with TOF-SIMS

Conference · Thu Feb 06 00:00:00 EST 2020 · OSTI ID:1603928

Harvey, Steven P; Zhang, Fei; Palmstrom, Axel; +3 more

Mitigating Measurement Artifacts in TOF-SIMS Analysis of Perovskite Solar Cells

Journal Article · Fri Aug 02 00:00:00 EDT 2019 · ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces · OSTI ID:1603928

Harvey, Steven P.; Zhang, Fei; Palmstrom, Axel; +3 more

Probing Perovskite Inhomogeneity beyond the Surface: TOF-SIMS Analysis of Halide Perovskite Photovoltaic Devices

Journal Article · Thu Jul 19 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces · OSTI ID:1603928

Harvey, Steven P.; Li, Zhen; Christians, Jeffrey A.; +3 more

Related Subjects

14 SOLAR ENERGY
degradation
performance
perovskite solar cells
time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry

Title: Investigating the Effects of Chemical Gradients on Performance and Reliability within Perovskite Solar Cells with TOF-SIMS

Citation Formats

References (58)

Similar Records

Related Subjects