Ion-Sieving Carbon Nanoshells for Deeply Rechargeable Zn-Based Aqueous Batteries

Wu, Yutong; Zhang, Yamin; Ma, Yao; Howe, Joshua D.; Yang, Haochen; Chen, Peng; Aluri, Sireesha; Liu, Nian

doi:10.1002/aenm.201802470

Ion-Sieving Carbon Nanoshells for Deeply Rechargeable Zn-Based Aqueous Batteries

Journal Article · Tue Oct 30 04:00:00 EDT 2018 · Advanced Energy Materials

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201802470· OSTI ID:1566396

Wu, Yutong ^[1]; Zhang, Yamin ^[1]; Ma, Yao ^[1]; Howe, Joshua D. ^[2]; Yang, Haochen ^[1]; Chen, Peng ^[1]; Aluri, Sireesha ^[1]; ^[1]

School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta GA 30332 USA
School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta GA 30332 USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock TX 79409 USA

As an alternative to lithium-ion batteries, Zn-based aqueous batteries feature nonflammable electrolytes, high theoretical energy density, and abundant materials. However, a deeply rechargeable Zn anode in lean electrolyte configuration is still lacking. Different from the solid-to-solid reaction mechanism in lithium-ion batteries, Zn anodes in alkaline electrolytes go through a solid-solute-solid mechanism (Zn-Zn(OH)₄ ^2--ZnO), which introduces two problems. First, discharge product ZnO on the surface prevents further reaction of Zn underneath, which leads to low utilization of active material and poor rechargeability. Second, soluble intermediates change Zn anode morphology over cycling. In this work, an ion-sieving carbon nanoshell coated ZnO nanoparticle anode is reported, synthesized in a scalable way with controllable shell thickness, to solve the problems of passivation and dissolution simultaneously. The nanosized ZnO prevents passivation, while microporous carbon shell slows down Zn species dissolution. Under extremely harsh testing conditions (closed cell, lean electrolyte, no ZnO saturation), this Zn anode shows significantly improved performance compared to Zn foil and bare ZnO nanoparticles. The deeply rechargeable Zn anode reported is an important step toward practical high-energy rechargeable aqueous batteries (e.g., Zn-air batteries). And the ion-sieving nanoshell concept demonstrated is potentially beneficial to other electrodes such as sulfur cathode for Li-S batteries.

Research Organization:: Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Center for Understanding and Control of Acid Gas-induced Evolution of Materials for Energy (UNCAGE-ME); Georgia Inst. of Technology, Atlanta, GA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE SC Office of Basic Energy Sciences (SC-22)

DOE Contract Number:: SC0012577

OSTI ID:: 1566396

Journal Information:: Advanced Energy Materials, Journal Name: Advanced Energy Materials Journal Issue: 36 Vol. 8; ISSN 1614-6832

Publisher:: Wiley

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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