Discharge intermittency considerably changes ZnO spatial distribution in porous Zn anodes

Guida, Dominick P.; Chuang, Andrew Chihpin; Okasinski, John S.; Wendling, Matthew T.; Chadderdon, Xiaotong H.; Gallaway, Joshua W.

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.232460

Discharge intermittency considerably changes ZnO spatial distribution in porous Zn anodes

Journal Article · Thu Dec 01 00:00:00 EST 2022 · Journal of Power Sources

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.232460· OSTI ID:2404966

^[1]; Chuang, Andrew Chihpin ^[2]; Okasinski, John S. ^[2]; Wendling, Matthew T. ^[3]; ^[3]; ^[1]

Northeastern Univ., Boston, MA (United States)
Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source (APS)
Energizer Holdings, Inc., Westlake, OH (United States)

Porous Zn anodes are ubiquitous in primary batteries and are under development for low-cost rechargeable batteries. Spatial distribution of ZnO discharge product is a critical factor in these, because it can passivate the active material. In rechargeable cells this is related to a major failure mechanism called shape change, in which ZnO is relocated to inactive locations. In this work we demonstrate rest steps during discharge of primary Zn anodes dramatically alter the placement of ZnO in the anode. In alkaline electrolyte, ZnO discharge product is typically modeled as precipitating close to Zn particles, forming a porous ZnO shell around the Zn core. Further, anodes discharged continuously at low-rate are compared to anodes similarly discharged intermittently, using in situ computed tomography from a synchrotron source. Zn–ZnO core-shell structures are produced during continuous discharge but are not found in cells discharged intermittently. Continuously discharged cells showed that ZnO was formed most strongly near the separator, in agreement with Zn anode battery models. In pulse-discharged cells, ZnO was more radially distributed and was in large formations not physically connected to Zn particles. Thus, discharge intermittency changes spatial distribution of ZnO in ways that are unpredicted by Zn anode models.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source (APS)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 2404966

Journal Information:: Journal of Power Sources, Journal Name: Journal of Power Sources Vol. 556; ISSN 0378-7753

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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