Probing Perovskite Inhomogeneity beyond the Surface: TOF-SIMS Analysis of Halide Perovskite Photovoltaic Devices

Harvey, Steven P.; Li, Zhen; Christians, Jeffrey A.; Zhu, Kai; Luther, Joseph M.; Berry, Joseph J.

doi:10.1021/acsami.8b07937

Title: Probing Perovskite Inhomogeneity beyond the Surface: TOF-SIMS Analysis of Halide Perovskite Photovoltaic Devices

Journal Article · Thu Jul 19 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b07937· OSTI ID:1461790

^[1];

^[1]; Berry, Joseph J. ^[1]

National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Understanding the origins and evolution of inhomogeneity in halide perovskite solar cells appears to be a key to advancing the technology. Time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) is one of the few techniques that can obtain chemical information from all components of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite photovoltaics in one dimension (standard depth profiling), two dimensions (high-resolution 100-nm imaging), as well as three dimensions (tomography combining high-resolution imaging with depth profiling). TOF-SIMS has been used to analyze perovskite photovoltaics made by a variety of methods, and the breadth of insight that can be gained from the technique is illustrated here including: cation uniformity (depth and lateral), changes in chemistry upon alternate processing, changes in chemistry upon degradation, and lateral distribution of additives that passivate grain boundaries. Using TOF-SIMS on multiple perovskite compositions, we show information regarding hybrid perovskite formation as well as inhomogeneity critical to device performance can be extracted providing one of the best proxies for understanding compositional changes resulting from degradation. Here, we also describe in detail the measurement artifacts and recommended best practices that enable unique insight regarding hybrid perovskite solar cell materials and devices.

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Research Organization:: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Renewable Power Office. Solar Energy Technologies Office

Grant/Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308

OSTI ID:: 1461790

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA-5K00-71513

Journal Information:: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, Vol. 10, Issue 34; ISSN 1944-8244

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: Probing Perovskite Inhomogeneity beyond the Surface: TOF-SIMS Analysis of Halide Perovskite Photovoltaic Devices

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