Role of Crystallization in the Morphology of Polymer: Non-fullerene Acceptor Bulk Heterojunctions

O’Hara, Kathryn A.; Ostrowski, David P.; Koldemir, Unsal; Takacs, Christopher J.; Shaheen, Sean E.; Sellinger, Alan; Chabinyc, Michael L.

doi:10.1021/acsami.7b03529

Role of Crystallization in the Morphology of Polymer: Non-fullerene Acceptor Bulk Heterojunctions

Journal Article · Mon May 22 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b03529· OSTI ID:1364166

O’Hara, Kathryn A. ^[1]; Ostrowski, David P. ^[2]; Koldemir, Unsal ^[3]; Takacs, Christopher J. ^[1]; Shaheen, Sean E. ^[4]; Sellinger, Alan ^[3]; Chabinyc, Michael L. ^[1]

Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, CA (United States)
Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States); National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO (United States)
Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)

Many high efficiency organic photovoltaics use fullerene-based acceptors despite their high production cost, weak optical absorption in the visible range, and limited synthetic variability of electronic and optical properties. To circumvent this deficiency, non-fullerene small-molecule acceptors have been developed that have good synthetic flexibility, allowing for precise tuning of optoelectronic properties, leading to enhanced absorption of the solar spectrum and increased open-circuit voltages (V_OC). We examined the detailed morphology of bulk heterojunctions of poly(3-hexylthiophene) and the small-molecule acceptor HPI-BT to reveal structural changes that lead to improvements in the fill factor of solar cells upon thermal annealing. The kinetics of the phase transformation process of HPI-BT during thermal annealing were investigated through in situ grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering studies, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The HPI-BT acceptor crystallizes during film formation to form micron-sized domains embedded within the film center and a donor rich capping layer at the cathode interface reducing efficient charge extraction. Thermal annealing changes the surface composition and improves charge extraction. In conclusion, this study reveals the need for complementary methods to investigate the morphology of BHJs.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308

OSTI ID:: 1364166

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA--5K00-68704

Journal Information:: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, Journal Name: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces Journal Issue: 22 Vol. 9; ISSN 1944-8244

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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14 SOLAR ENERGY
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
crystallization
non-fullerene acceptor
organic photovoltaics
small molecules
transmission electron microscopy
x-ray scattering

Role of Crystallization in the Morphology of Polymer: Non-fullerene Acceptor Bulk Heterojunctions

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