A high-voltage rechargeable magnesium-sodium hybrid battery

Li, Yifei; An, Qinyou; Cheng, Yingwen; Liang, Yanliang; Ren, Yang; Sun, Cheng-Jun; Dong, Hui; Tang, Zhongjia; Li, Guosheng; Yao, Yan

doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.02.012

A high-voltage rechargeable magnesium-sodium hybrid battery

Journal Article · Mon Feb 13 00:00:00 UTC 2017 · Nano Energy

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.02.012· OSTI ID:1344910

Li, Yifei ^[1]; An, Qinyou ^[1]; Cheng, Yingwen ^[2]; Liang, Yanliang ^[1]; Ren, Yang ^[3]; Sun, Cheng-Jun ^[3]; Dong, Hui ^[1]; Tang, Zhongjia ^[4]; Li, Guosheng ^[2]; Yao, Yan ^[5]

Univ. of Houston, TX (United States). Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering. Materials Science and Engineering Program
Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States). Electrochemical Materials and Systems Group. Energy and Environment Directorate
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). X-ray Science Division
Univ. of Houston, TX (United States). Dept. of Chemistry. Texas Center for Superconductivity
Univ. of Houston, TX (United States). Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering. Materials Science and Engineering Program. Texas Center for Superconductivity

There is a growing global demand for safe and low-cost energy storage technology which triggers strong interests in novel battery concepts beyond state-of-art Li-ion batteries. We report a high-voltage rechargeable Mg–Na hybrid battery featuring dendrite-free deposition of Mg anode and Na-intercalation cathode as a low-cost and safe alternative to Li-ion batteries for large-scale energy storage. A prototype device using a Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃ cathode, a Mg anode, and a Mg–Na dual salt electrolyte exhibits the highest voltage (2.60 V vs. Mg) and best rate performance (86% capacity retention at 10 C rate) among reported hybrid batteries. Synchrotron radiation-based X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), atomic-pair distribution function (PDF), and high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) studies reveal the chemical environment and structural change of Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃ cathode during the Na ion insertion/deinsertion process. XANES study shows a clear reversible shift of vanadium K-edge and HRXRD and PDF studies reveal a reversible two-phase transformation and V–O bond length change during cycling. The energy density of the hybrid cell could be further improved by developing electrolytes with a higher salt concentration and wider electrochemical window. Our work represents a significant step forward for practical safe and low-cost hybrid batteries.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States); Univ. of Houston, TX (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Science Foundation (NSF); US Department of the Navy, Office of Naval Research (ONR); USDOE; USDOE Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability (OE); USDOE Office of Science; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357; AC05-76RL01830

OSTI ID:: 1344910

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1415688
OSTI ID: 1356486
OSTI ID: 1366533
OSTI ID: 22912836

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA--123660; PII: S2211285517300782

Journal Information:: Nano Energy, Journal Name: Nano Energy Vol. 34; ISSN 2211-2855

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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